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ISO 14001 (1996) 標準
─中英文對照版─
（教育訓練用）

Contents
1 Scope

2 Normative references

3 Definitions

4 Environmental management system requirements

4.1 General requirements

4.2 Environmental policy

4.3 Planning

4.3.1 Environmental aspects

4.3.2 Legal and other requirements

4.3.3 Objectives and targets

4.3.4 Environmental management programme(s)

4.4 Implementation and operation

4.4.1 Structure and responsibility

4.4.2 Training, awareness and competence

4.4.3 Communication

4.4.4 Environmental management system documentation

目錄
前言
簡介
1 適用範圍

2 引用標準

3 定義

4 環境管理系統要求事項

4.1 一般要求事項

4.2 環境政策

4.3 規劃

4.3.1 環境考量面

4.3.2 法令規章及其他要求事項

4.3.3 目標與標的

4.3.4 環境管理方案

4.4 實施與運作

4.4.1 架構與責任

4.4.2 訓練、認知及能力

4.4.3 溝通

4.4.4 環境管理系統之文件化

4.4.5 Document control

4.4.6 Operational control

4.4.7 Emergency preparedness and response

4.5 Checking and corrective action

4.5.1 Monitoring and measurement

4.5.2 Nonconformance and corrective and preventive action

4.5.3 Records

4.5.4 Environmental management system audit

4.6 Management review

Annex
A Guidance on the use of the specification

B Links between ISO 14001 and ISO 9000

C Bibliography

4.4.5 文件管制
4.4.6 作業管制
4.4.7 緊急事件準備與應變
4.5 檢查與矯正措施
4.5.1 監督與量測
4.5.2 不符合、矯正及預防措施
4.5.3 紀錄
4.5.4 環境管理系統之稽核
4.6 管理階層審查

附錄
附錄A  本規範之使用指引
附錄B  CNS 14001與CNS 12681 (ISO 9001) 間之關連
附錄C 參考資料

Forward
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and nongovernmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at lease 75% of the member bodies casting a vote.

前言

本標準係由本局化學工業類國家標準起草委員會始於民國八十四年七月著手研擬，並隨ISO 14001DIS草案同步起草，最後依據1996年第一版發行之ISO 14001 Environmental management systems - Specification with guidance for use國際標準不予變更技術內容及其標準格式，制定為中國國家標準者。有關該國際標準之制定經過如下:

國際標準化組織(ISO)是由各國國家標準團體(ISO會員團體)所組成的世界性聯盟。各種國際標準的擬訂由ISO 之各技術委員會執行。每一會員團體對於所設立的技術委員會之主題有興趣時，皆有權派代表參加委員會。各官方與非官方之國際組織而為ISO 之聯繫團體者，亦得參與其工作。ISO 與國際電工委員會(IEC)密切地合作研究所有電工技術標準化事務。

依照ISO程序規定，凡為技術委員會接受的國際標準草案，將分發至各會員團體表決，須經至少75%參與表決之會員團體贊成始得公布為國際標準。

International Standard ISO 14001 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 207, Environmental management, Subcommittee SC1, Environmental Management systems.

Annexes A,B and C of this International Standard are for information only.

國際標準ISO 14001 由ISO/TC 207 環境管理技術委員會下所屬SCI環境管理系統分科委員會所擬訂。

本標準之附錄A，B，C僅供參考

INTRODUCTION

Organizations of all kinds are increasingly concerned to achieve and demonstrate sound environmental performance by controlling the impact of their activities, products or services on the environment, taking into account their environmental policy and objectives. They do so in the context of increasingly stringent legislation, the development of economic policies and other measures to foster environmental protection, and a general growth of concern from interested parties about environmental matters including sustainable development.

Many organizations have undertaken environmental "reviews" or "audits" to assess their environmental performance. On their own, however, these "reviews" and "audits" may not be sufficient to provide an organization with the assurance that its performance not only meets, but will continue to meet, its legal and policy requirements. To be effective, they need to be conducted within a structured management system and integrated with overall management activity.

簡介
各組織日益關心如何藉由控制其作業活動、產品或服務對環境所造成的衝擊將其納入環境政策與目標之考量，以達到並展現良好的環境績效。他們之所以如此做是基於法令的規定越來越嚴格、強調環境保護的經濟政策和其他措施相繼推展、且各利害相關者對於包括永續發展在內之各種環境事務的關切與日俱增。

許多組織都已經採行環境「審查」或「稽核」來評估其環境績效。然而，僅藉這些「審查」或「稽核」，並不足以確保其環境績效能夠達到，而且持續達到法規與政策的要求。為能有效，這些方法必須在經過結構化的管理系統中加以應用，並納入整體的管理活動之中。

International environmental management standards are intended to provide organizations with the elements of an effective environmental management system which can be integrated with other management requirements, to assist organizations to achieve environmental and economic goals. These standards, like other international standards, are not intended to be used to create non-tariff trade barriers or to increase or change an organization´s legal obligations.

This International Standard specifies the requirements of such an environmental management system. It has been written to be applicable to all types and sizes of organizations and to accommodate diverse geographical, cultural and social conditions. The basis of the approach is shown in Figure 1. The success of the system depends on commitment from all levels and functions, especially from top management. A system of this kind enables an organization to establish, and assess the effectiveness of, procedures to set an environmental policy and objectives, achieve conformance with them, and demonstrate such conformance to others. The overall aim of the standard is to support environmental protection and prevention of pollution in balance with socio-economic needs. It should be noted that many of the requirements may be addressed concurrently or revisited at any time.

環境管理標準係用以提供各組織一個有效能的環境管理系統要項，這些要項能夠與其他管理要求互相整合，進而協助各組織達成環保與經濟的各項目標。這些標準與其他的標準一樣，本意都不是被用來製造非關稅貿易障礙，或增加與改變組織的法律責任。

本標準規範了上述環境管理系統的各項要求。本標準適用於各種類型和規模的組織，且能適應各種不同的地理、文化及社會條件。這套做法的基本理念如圖一所示。此系統的成功取決於各層級與部門所做之承諾，尤其是最高管理階層的。這種系統可以協助組織建立制定環境政策與目標之程序並評鑑其效能，以達到符合政策與目標的要求，且將成果展現他人。本標準之整體目的是在兼顧社會與經濟需求的情況下，做好環境保護與污染預防的工作。值得注意的是，本標準中之許多要求得同時提出或隨時調整。

There is an important distinction between this specification which describes the requirements for certification/registration and/or self-declaration of an organization´s environmental management system and a non-certifiable guideline intended to provide generic assistance to an organization for implementing or improving an environmental management system. Environmental management encompasses a full range of issues including those with strategic and competitive implications. Demonstration of successful implementation of the standard can be used by an organization to assure interested parties that an appropriate environmental management system is in place.

Guidance on supporting environmental management techniques will be contained in other international standards.

This international standard is contains only those requirements that may be objectively audited for certification/registration purposes and/or self declaration purposes. Those organizations requiring more general guidance on a broad range of environmental management system issues should refer to ISO 14004, "Environmental management systems - General guidelines on principles, systems and supporting techniques".

本規範說明了組織之環境管理系統於驗證/登錄與（或）自行宣告時所根據的要求，與僅提供組織實施或改進環境管理系統之一般性協助的、非驗證使用的指導綱要有著重要的區別。環境管理包括範圍甚廣，其中也包括了和策略性與競爭性有關的議題。一個組織如果能夠展現出其成功地實施本標準，將可取信於各利害相關者，證明該組織的確具有適當的環境管理系統。

有關環境管理支援技術的相關指引，將包含於其他的標準中。

本標準只包括可以進行客觀稽核的要求事項，以作為驗證/登錄與(或)自行宣告的依據。組織希望獲得各種環境管理系統相關問題之通用指引時，須參考CNS 14004「環境管理系統原則、系統及支援技術之一般指導綱要」。

It should be noted that this standard does not establish absolute requirements for environmental performance beyond commitment, in the policy, to compliance with applicable legislation and regulations and to continual improvement. Thus, two organizations carrying out similar activities but having different environmental performance may both comply with its requirements.

The adoption and implementation of a range of environmental management techniques in a systematic manner can contribute to optimal outcomes for all interested parties. However, adoption of this specification will not in itself guarantee optimal environmental outcomes. In order to achieve environmental objectives, the environmental management system should encourage organizations to consider implementation of best available technology where appropriate and where economically viable. In addition, the cost effectiveness of such technology should be fully taken into account.

This international standard is not intended to address, and does not include requirements for aspects of occupational health and safety management; however it does not seek to discourage an organization from developing integration of such management system elements. Nevertheless the certification/registration process will only be applicable to the environmental management system aspects


值得注意的是，本標準除了規範組織要在政策中承諾遵守相關法令規章並追求持續改善之外，並沒有訂定超出承諾之外對環境績效的絕對要求。因此，兩個作業活動類似但環境績效不同的組織，均可能符合其各自的要求。

有系統地採用並實施各種環境管理技術，有助於產生各利害相關者最滿意的結果。但是，僅採用本標準，並不足以 保證其一定能夠得到最佳的環保成果。為了達成環境目標，環境管理系統的設計須能鼓勵組織在合乎經濟可行的情況下，適度地採用現有最佳技術(Best available technology)。此外，此類技術的成本效益也須充分地加以考慮。

本標準的用意不在討論職業安全與衛生管理，並沒有包含其相關的要求，但這並不代表本標準不鼓勵組織在管理系統中結合這方面的要項。不過，根據本標準所進行的驗證/登錄過程，將僅應用至環境管理系統的考量面。

This international standard shares common management system principles with the ISO 9000 series of quality system standards. Organizations may elect to use an existing management system consistent with the ISO 9000 series as a basis for its environmental management system. It should be understood however, that the application of various elements of the management system may differ due to different purposes and different interested parties. While quality management systems deal with customer needs, environmental management systems address the needs of a broad range of interested parties and the evolving needs of society for environmental protection.

The environmental management system requirements specified in this standard do not need to be established independently of existing management system elements. In some cases it will be possible to comply with the requirements by adapting existing management system elements.

本標準與CNS 12680 (ISO 9000)系列的品管系統標準採用相同的管理系統原則。組織在發展環境管理系統時，可以選擇與CNS 12680系列之規定一致的既有管理系統做為基礎。不過，管理系統中各種要項的應用方式，會隨著不同之目的和不同的利害相關者而異。品質管理系統主要是處理客戶的需求，但是環境管理系統則必須同時兼顧各種利害相關者的廣泛需求，並且滿足社會上對環境保護的最新訴求。

本標準中所界定的環境管理系統要求，不需獨立於既有的管理系統要項之外。在有些狀況下，藉由既有的管理系統要項稍加調整，即可符合相關的要求事項。

ISO 14001 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS ─ SPECIFICATION WITH GUIDANCE FOR USE

1 SCOPE

This International Standard specifies requirements for an environmental management system, to enable an organization to formulate a policy and objectives taking into account legislative requirements and information about significant environmental impacts. It applies to those environmental aspects which the organization can control and over which it can be expected to have an influence. It does not itself state specific environmental performance criteria.

This International Standard is applicable to any organization that wishes to:

a) implement, maintain and improve an environmental management system;

b) assure itself of its conformance with its stated environmental policy;

c) demonstrate such conformance to others;

d) seek certification/registration of its environmental management system by an external organization;

e) make a self determination and declaration of conformance with the standard.

ISO 14001 環境管理系統－
規格及指導綱要

1 適用範圍

本標準規定環境管理系統的要求，使組織能夠考慮法令規定和重大的環境衝擊等相關資訊而擬訂環境政策和目標。此標準適用於組織可以控制以及預期能有影響的環境考量面。它本身並沒有陳述特定的環境績效準則。

本標準適用於任何期望做到下列各事項的組織：
a）實施、維持及改進環境管理系統；
b）確保其符合本身宣告的環境政策；
c）向他人展現其符合性；
d）尋求由外部組織對本身的環境管理系統給予驗證/登錄；
e）由本身進行符合本標準的自行評定與宣告。

All the requirements in the standard are intended to be incorporated into any environmental management system. The extent of the application will depend on such factors as the environmental policy of the organization, the nature of its activities and the conditions in which it operates. This standard also provides, in annex A, informative guidance on the use of the specification.

The scope of any ISO 14001 application must be clearly identified.

NOTE - For ease of use, the subclause of the specification and annex A have related numbers; thus, for example, 4.3.3 and A3.3 both deal with environmental objectives and targets, and 4.5.4 and A.5.4 both deal with environmental management system audit.

2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES

There are no Normative References at present.

本標準的所有要求項目均可納入任何環境管理系統中。至於實際應用的程度，則必須依照組織的環境政策、作業活動性質以及作業條件等因素來決定。本標準也在附錄A中提供應用本規範的參考性指引。

任何應用本標準之範圍必須清楚界定。

備考：為了便於使用，規範本文和附錄A的主要條文之間採用了相對應的編號方式：例如4.3.3節與A.3.3節都是討論環境目標和標的之問題，而4.5.4節與A.5.4節則皆與環境管理系統稽核有關。

2 引用標準

目前無引用標準

3 DEFINITIONS

For the purposes of this International Standard, the following definitions apply:

3.1 continual  improvement

Process of enhancing the environmental management system to achieve improvements in overall environmental performance in line with the organization´s environmental policy.

Note - The process need not take place in all areas of activity simultaneously.

3.2 environment

Surroundings in which an organization operates, including air, water, land, natural resources, flora, fauna, humans, and their interrelation.

Note - Surroundings in this context extend from within an organization to the global system.

3.3 environmental aspect

Element of an organization´s activities, products or services which can interact with the environment.

Note - A significant environmental aspect is an environmental aspect which has or can have a significant environmental impact.

3 定義

本標準採用下列各項定義：
3.1 持續改善

遵循組織本身的環境政策，改進整體的環境績效進而提升環境管理系統之過程。

備考：此過程並不需要同時在所有的活動中進行。

3.2 環境

組織作業所在的週邊環境，包括空氣、水、土地、自然資源、植物、動物、人類、以及其間的互動關係。

備考：根據此定義之週邊環境乃從組織的內部延伸到全球的生態系統。

3.3 環境考量面

組織的作業活動、產品或服務中會和環境產生互動的要項。

備考：重大的環境考量面係指會有或可能有重大環境衝擊之環境考量面。

3.4 environmental impact

Any change to the environment, whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from an organization´s activities, products or services.

3.5 environmental management system

The part of the overall management system that includes organizational structure, planning activities, responsibilities, practices, procedures, processes and resources for developing, implementing, achieving, reviewing, and maintaining the environmental policy.

3.6 environmental management system audit

Systematic and documented verification process of objectively obtaining and evaluating evidence to determine whether and organization´s environmental management system conforms to the environmental management system audit criteria set by the organization, and for communication of the results of this process to management.

3.7 environmental objective

Overall environmental goal, arising from the environmental policy, that an organization sets itself to achieve, and which is quantified where practicable.

3.4 環境衝擊

任何可完全或部分歸因於組織的活動、產品或服務對環境產生之有利或不利的改變。

3.5 環境管理系統
係組織整體管理系統之一部份，用以建立、實施、達成、審查及維持環境政策，其內容包括組織架構、規劃作業、責任、實務、程序、過程及資源。

3.6 環境管理系統稽核

系一種系統化與文件化之查證過程，藉由客觀方式取得並評估證據，以決定組織的環境管理系統是否符合環境管理系統的稽核準則，且將此過程之結果傳達予管理階層。

3.7 環境目標

組織根據本身的環境政策所設定欲達成之整體環境目的，並且儘可能的予以量化。

3.8 environmental performance

Measurable results of the environmental management system, related to an organization´s control of its environmental aspects, based on its environmental policy, objectives and targets.

3.9 environmental policy

Statement by the organization of its intentions and principles in relation to its overall environmental performance which provides a framework for action and for the setting of its environmental objectives and targets.

3.10 environmental target

Detailed performance requirement, quantified where practicable, applicable to the organization or parts thereof, that arises from the environmental objectives and that needs to be set and met in order to achieve those objectives.

3.11 interested party

Individual or group concerned with or affected by the environmental performance of an organization.

3.12 organization

Company, corporation, firm, enterprise, authority or institution, or part or combination thereof, whether incorporated or not, public or private, that has its own functions and administration.

3.8 環境績效

組織的環境管理系統根據環境政策、目標及標的控制其環境考量面所獲得之可量測結果。

3.9 環境政策

組織陳述本身對其整體環境績效的期許與原則之聲明文件，並據此提供行動架構以及設定環境目標與標的。

3.10 環境標的

根據組織本身的環境目標所需設定與達成的詳細且儘可能量化的績效要求事項，用以施行於組織之全部或部份，以利達成前述的環境目標。

3.11 利害相關者

對組織之環境績效關切或受其影響的個人或團體。

3.12 組織

有自身之功能與行政管理的公有或民營、獨立或合股的各類型公司、行號、企業體、機關、機構，或者以上各團體的其中之一部分或組合謂之。

NOTE - For organizations with more than one operating unit, a single operating unit may be defined as an organization.

3.13 prevention of pollution

Use of processes, practices, materials or products that avoid, reduce or control pollution, which may include recycling, treatment, process changes, control mechanisms, efficient use of resource and material substitution.

NOTE - The potential benefits of prevention of pollution include the reduction of adverse environmental impacts, improved efficiency and reduced costs.

4 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

4.1 General requirements

The organization shall establish and maintain an environmental management system, the requirements of which are describes in the whole of clause 4.

4.2 Environmental policy

Top management shall define the organization´s environmental policy and ensure that it:

a) is appropriate to the nature, scale and environmental impacts of its actives, products or services;

備考：組織中有一個以上的營運單位者，其單一的營運單位也可定義為一個組織。

3.13 污染之預防

採用可以避免、減少或控制污染之製程、操作實務、物料或產品，可包括回收再利用、處理、製程改變、控制機制、有效率地使用資源以及物料替代等。

備考：污染預防的潛在效益包括減少不利之環境衝擊、提昇效率及降低成本。

4 環境管理系統要求事項
4.1 一般要求事項

組織應建立並維持一個環境管理系統，本(4)節將說明此種系統的要求。

4.2 環境政策

最高主管應界定組織的環境政策，並確認該政策：

a）對組織之活動、產品或服務的性質、規模及環境衝擊是合宜的；
b) includes a commitment to continual improvement and prevention of pollution;

c) includes a commitment to comply with relevant environmental legislation and regulations, and with other requirements to which the organization subscribes;

d) provides the framework for setting and reviewing environmental objectives and targets;

e) is documented, implemented and maintained and communicated to all employees;

f) is available to the public.

4.3 Planning

4.3.1 Environmental aspects

The organization shall establish and maintain (a) procedure(s) to identify the environmental aspects of its actives, products or services that it can control and over which it can be expected to have an influence, in order to determine those which have or can have significant impacts on the environment. The organization shall ensure that the aspects related to these significant impacts are considered in setting its environment objectives.

The organization shall keep this information up-to-date.

b）包括對持續改善和污染預防之承諾；

c）包括對符合相關的環保法令規章以及組織須遵守的其他要求事項之承諾；

d）提供一架構以設定與審查環境目標與標的；

e）己文件化、並實施、維持、及傳達給所有的員工；

f）可向社會大眾公開。

4.3 規劃
4.3.1 環境考量面

組織應建立並維持一個或多個程序以鑑別其可以控制以及預期能有影響的活動、產品或服務之環境考量面，藉以判斷其中已經或者可能會對環境造成重大衝擊者。組織在設定本身的環境目標時，應確認已將與這些重大衝擊相關的環境考量面納入考慮。

組織應保持此項資訊之更新。

4.3.2 Legal and other requirements

The organization shall establish and maintain a procedure to identify and have access to legal, and other requirements to which the organization subscribes, that are applicable to the environmental aspects of its activities, products or services.

4.3.3 Objectives and targets

The organization shall establish and maintain documented environmental objectives and targets, at each relevant function and level within the organization.

When establishing and reviewing its objectives, an organization shall consider the legal and other requirements, its significant environmental aspects, its technological options and its financial, operational and business requirements, and the views of interested parties.

The objectives and targets shall be consistent with the environmental policy, including the commitment to prevention of pollution.

4.3.4 Environmental management programme(s)

The organization shall establish and maintain (a) programme(s) for achieving its objectives and targets. It shall include:

4.3.2 法令規章與其他要求事項

組織應建立並維持一程序，以鑑別並取得與本身之活動、產品或服務之環境考量面有關，且須遵守的一切法令規章與其它要求事項。

4.3.3 目標和標的

組織於內部各個相關部門與階層，應建立並維持其文件化的環境目標和標的。

在建立與審查環境目標時，組織應考慮到法令規章與其他相關要求事項，本身重大的環境考量面，技術面取捨與財務、作業及業務等要求事項，以及利害相關者的觀點。

環境目標與標的應與環境政策一致，包括對污染預防的承諾。

4.3.4 環境管理方案
組織應制定並維持一個或多個管理方案，以達成其環境目標和標的。方案中應包括：

a) designation of responsibility for achieving objectives and targets at each relevant function and level of the organization;

b) the means and time-frame by which they are to be achieved.

If a project relates to new developments and new or modified activities, products or services, programme(s) shall be amended where relevant to ensure that environmental management applies to such projects.

4.4 Implementation and operation

4.4.1 Structure and responsibility

Roles, responsibility and authorities shall be defined, documented and communicated in order to facilitate effective environmental management.

Management shall provide resources essential to the implementation and control of the environmental management system. Resources include human resources and specialized skills, technology and financial resources.

The organization´s top management shall appoint (a) specific management representative(s) who, irrespective of other responsibilities, shall have defined roles, responsibilities and authority for:

a）組織內各個相關部門與階層為達成環境目標與標的之權責分工；

b）達成目標與標的之方法和時程。

若一專案計劃與新開發案及新的或已修正的活動、產品或服務有關時，也應修訂環境管方案，以確認環境管理也可適用於此專案計畫。
4.4 實施與運作

4.4.1 架構及責任

為了達成有效的環境管理，對角色、責任及權限應加以界定、文件化及宣導溝通。

管理階層應提供實施與管制環境管理系統所需要的資源，包括人力資源、專門技能、技術及財務的資源。

組織的高階主管應指派一個或多個特定之管理代表，這些人於原有職責外，應界定其角色、責任及權限以進行下列任務：

a) ensuring that environmental management system requirements are established, implemented and maintained in accordance with this standard;

b) reporting on the performance of the environmental management system to top management for review and as a basis for improvement of the environmental management system.

4.4.2 Training, awareness and competence

The organization shall identify training needs. It shall require that all personnel whose work may create a significant impact upon the environment, have received appropriate training.

It shall establish and maintain procedures to make its employees or members at each relevant function and level aware of:

a) the importance of conformance with the environmental policy and procedures and with the requirements of the environmental management system;

b) the significant environmental impacts, actual or potential, of their work activities and the environmental benefits of improved personal performance;

a）確認環境管理系統的各項要求係根據本標準而建立、實施及維持的；

b）向高階主管報告環境管理系統的績效以供審查並做為改進環境管理系統之依據。

4.4.2 訓練、認知及能力
組織應確認訓練需求，對於工作上可能會對環境產生重大衝擊的每位員工應要求其接受合適之訓練。

組織應建立並維持適當的程序，俾利各相關部門與階層的人員具有下列之認知：

a）符合環境政策與程序以及環境管理系統之各項要求的重要性；

b）員工之作業活動對環境所造成之實際或潛在的重大環境衝擊，以及提升個人績效能夠帶來的環境效益；

c) their roles and responsibilities in achieving conformance with the environmental policy and procedures and with the requirements of the environmental management system including emergency preparedness and response requirements;

d) the potential consequences of departure from specified operating procedures.

Personnel performing the tasks which can cause significant environmental impacts shall be competent on the basis of appropriate education, training and/or experience.

4.4.3 Communications

With regard to its environmental aspects and environmental management system, the organization shall establish and maintain procedures for:

a) internal communication between the various levels and functions of the organization;

b) receiving, documenting and responding to relevant communication from external interested parties

The organization shall consider processes for external communication on its significant environmental aspects and record its decision.

c）為了符合環境政策與程序以及環境管理系統之各項要求，包括緊急事件準備與應變之要求，每個人所必須扮演的角色和負擔的責任；

d）偏離特定作業程序時可能造成的後果。

擔任可能產生重大環境衝擊之工作的員工，應擁有適當的學歷、訓練及(或)經驗，以便勝任所負責的任務。

4.4.3 溝通

組織應針對環境考量面與環境管理系統建立並維持適當的程序，以供

a）組織內部各部門與階層之間溝通；及

b）接受、文件化以及回應由外部利害相關者所傳達的訊息。

組織應考量對外溝通本身之重大環境考量面之過程，並紀錄其決定。

4.4.4 Environmental management system documentation

The organization shall establish and maintain information, in paper or electronic form, to:

a) describe the core elements of the management system and their interaction;

b) provide direction to related documentation.

4.4.5 Document control

The organization shall establish and maintain procedures for controlling all documents required by this standard to ensure that:

a) they can be located;

b) they are periodically reviewed, revised as necessary and approved for adequacy by authorized personnel;

c) the current versions of relevant documents are available at all locations where operations essential to the effective functioning of the environmental management system are performed;

d) obsolete documents are promptly removed from all points of issue and points of use or otherwise assured against unintended use;

4.4.4 環境管理系統之文件化

組織應建立並維持書面或電子形式之資訊，以

a）說明管理系統的核心要項，以及其彼此間的關連；

b）供做相關文件的指南。

4.4.5 文件管制

組織應建立並維持適當的程序，俾能管制本標準所要求的各項文件，以確認：

a）文件易於檢索；

b）視情況需要定期審查和改訂文件，並由權責人員認可其適切性(adequacy)；

c）在所有關係到環境管理系統有效運作的重要作業之地點都可以取得相關文件現用版本。

d）即時地將失效的文件自所有發行處和使用處收回，否則要確保證其不被誤用；

e) any obsolete documents retained for legal and/or knowledge preservation purposes are suitably identified.

Documentation shall be legible, dated (with dates of revision) and readily identifiable, maintained in an orderly manner and retained for a specified period. Procedures and responsibilities shall be established and maintained concerning the creation and modification of the various types of document.

4.4.6 Operational control

The organization shall identify those operations and activities that are associated with the identified significant environmental aspects in line with its policy, objectives and targets. The organization shall plan these activities, including maintenance, in order to ensure that they are carried out under specified conditions by:

a) establishing and maintaining documented procedures to cover situations where their absence could lead to deviations from the environmental policy and the objectives and targets;

b) stipulating operating criteria in the procedures;

e）為法律以及(或)保存知識的目的而保留的任何失效文件有適當的標明。

文件資料應清楚閱讀，標示日期（附改訂日期）、容易辨識、而且妥善地整理並在一指定的期間內予以保留。組織應建立並維持適當的程序和責任，以供製作及修訂各類型的文件。

4.4.6作業管制

組織應基於環境政策、目標及目的鑑別出有那些作業與活動項目係與已確認的重大環境考量面有關，組織應規劃包括維修在內的上述活動，透過下列各項方式以確認作業時能符合規定的條件：
a）建立並維持文件化之程序俾能涵蓋如缺少那些程序時可能造成偏離環境政策和環境目標與標的之情況：

b）在這些程序中明訂作業準則；

c) establishing and maintaining procedures related to the identifiable significant environmental aspects of goods and services used by the organization and communicating relevant procedures and requirements to suppliers and contractors.

4.4.7 Emergency preparedness and response

The organization shall establish and maintain procedures to identify potential for and respond to accidents and emergency situations, and for preventing and mitigating the environmental impacts that may be associated with them.

The organization shall review and revise, where necessary, its emergency preparedness and response procedures, in particular, after the occurrence of accidents or emergency situations.

The organization shall also periodically test such procedures where practicable.


c）建立並維持有關於組織所使用的商品和服務中可鑑別的相關重大環境考量面的程序，同時把相關程序與其要求傳達給供應商和承包商。

4.4.7 緊急事件準備與應變

組織應建立並維持適當的程序，以鑑別可能發生和因應所發生之意外或緊急狀況，並防止或減輕此類事件對環境造成的衝擊。

必要時，組織應審查並改訂其緊急事件準備及應變程序，特別是在意外或緊急狀況發生之後。

如實際可行，組織應定期測試這些應變程序。

4.5 Checking and corrective action

4.5.1 Monitoring and measurement

The organization shall establish and maintain documented procedures to monitor and measure on a regular basis the key characteristics of its operations and activities that can have a significant impact on the environment.

This shall include the recording of information to track performance, relevant operational controls and conformance with the organization´s objectives and targets.

Monitoring equipment shall be calibrated and maintained and records of this process shall be retained according to the organization´s procedures.

The organization shall establish and maintain a documented procedure for periodically evaluating compliance with relevant environmental legislation and regulations.

4.5.2 Non-conformance and corrective and preventive action

The organization shall establish and maintain procedures for defining responsibility and authority, for handling and investigating non-conformance, taking action to mitigate any impacts caused and for initiating and completing corrective and preventive action.

4.5 檢查與矯正措施

4.5.1 監督與量測

組織應建立並維持文件化程序，以定期監督與量測會對環境產生重大衝擊的作業或活動之主要特性。

其中應包括資訊的紀錄以追蹤其績效相關的作業管制及與組織的環境目標與標的符合情形。

監視設備應予校正和維修，其過程之紀錄應根據組織建立的程序加以保存。

組織應建立並維持文件化程序，以定期評估其相關環境法令與規章之符合性。

4.5.2 不符合、矯正及預防措施

組織應建立並維持適當的程序以界定權責，俾處理及調查不符合情形並設法減輕所造成的衝擊，以及展開並完成矯正與預防措施。

Any corrective or preventive action taken to eliminate the causes of actual and potential non-conformances shall be appropriate to the magnitude of problems and commensurate with the environmental impact encountered.

The organization shall implement and record any changes in the documented procedures resulting from corrective and preventive action.

4.5.3 Records

The organization shall establish and maintain procedures for the identification, maintenance and disposition of environmental records.
These records shall include training records and the results of audits and reviews.

Environmental records shall be legible, identifiable and traceable to the activity, product or service involved.
Environmental records shall be stored and maintained in such a way that they are readily retrievable and protected against damage, deterioration or loss.
Their retention times shall be established and recorded.

Records shall be maintained, as appropriate to the system and to the organization, to demonstrate conformance to the requirements of this standard.

採取任何矯正或預防措施以消除造成實際或潛在之不符合狀況的根本原因時，應根據問題的大小和對環境衝擊的程度採取適當的做法。

由於矯正與預防措施所產生的書面程序之變更，組織應實施並紀錄之。

4.5.3 紀錄

組織應建立並維持適當的程序，以進行環境紀錄的鑑別、維護和處置。這些紀錄應包括訓練紀錄以及稽核與審查的結果。

環境紀錄應清楚易讀、可辨識，並可追溯到相關的活動、產品或服務。環境紀錄的保存與維護應做到容易檢索、保護其不受到損壞、變質或遺失，而且應規定並記錄其保存期限。

紀錄應以適合於系統與組織的方式維護，以展現其符合本標準之各項要求。

4.5.4 Environmental management system audit

The organization shall establish and maintain (a) programme(s) and procedures for periodic environmental management system audits to be carried out, in order to :

a) determine whether or not the environmental management system:

1) conforms to planned arrangements for environmental management including the requirements of this standard; and

2) has been properly implemented and maintained; and

b) provide information on the results of audits to management.

The organization´s audit programme, including any schedule, shall be based on the environmental importance of the activity concerned and the results of previous audits.
In order to be comprehensive, the audit procedures shall cover the audit scope, frequency and methodologies, as well as the responsibilities and requirements for conducting audits and reporting results.

4.5.4 環境管理系統稽核

組織應建立並維持一個或多個方案與程序，俾能定期執行環境管理之稽核工作，以

a）判斷環境管理系統是否：

1）符合環境管理的各項規劃事項，包括本標準的要求在內；與

2）獲得妥善地實施與維持：及
b）將稽核結果之資訊提交管理階層。

組織的稽核方案包括時程，應以有關活動之環境重要性與以往的稽核結果為依據。為了完整起見，稽核程序中應包括稽核範圍、頻率與方法、以及執行稽核工作與結果報告的責任與要求。

4.6 Management review

The organization´s top management shall, at intervals it determines, review the environmental management system, to ensure its continuing suitability, adequacy and effectiveness.

The management review process shall ensure that the necessary information is collected to allow management to carry out this evaluation.
This review shall be documented.

The management review shall address the possible need for changes to policy, objectives and other elements of the environmental management system, in the light of environmental management system audit results, changing circumstances and the commitment to continual improvement.

4.6 管理階層審查

組織的高階主管應依其自行決定之時程審查環境管理系統，以確認其持續適用性、適切性及有效性。

管理階層審查的過程，應確保管理階層能獲得必要的資訊以進行評估。審查過程與結果應予文件化。

管理階層審查應依據環境管理系統之稽核結果、情勢的變化以及持續改善的承諾，提出修改環境管理系統之修改政策、目標及其他構成要項的可能需求。