{0>The Constitution of the Republic of China ( 1947.12.25 Announced )<}0{>中華民國憲法(民國36年12月25日公布)<0}
{0>Chapter I. General Provisions<}0{>第一章總綱<0}
{0>Article 1 The Republic of China, founded on the Three Principles of the People, shall be a democratic republic of the people, to be governed by the people and for the people. <}0{>第1條 （國體）中華民國基於三民主義，為民有民治民享之民主共和國。<0}
{0>Article 2 The sovereignty of the Republic of China shall reside in the whole body of citizens. <}0{>第2條 （主權在民）中華民國之主權屬於國民全體。<0}
{0>Article 3 Persons possessing the nationality of the Republic of China shall be citizens of the Republic of China. <}0{>第3條 （國民）具中華民國國籍者為中華民國國民。<0}
{0>Article 4 The territory of the Republic of China according to its existing national boundaries shall not be altered except by resolution of the National Assembly. <}0{>第4條 （國土）中華民國領土，依其固有之疆域，非經國民大會之決議，不得變更之。<0}
{0>Article 5 There shall be equality among the various racial groups in the Republic of China. <}0{>第5條 （民族平等）中華民國各民族一律平等。<0}
{0>Article 6 The national flag of the Republic of China shall be of red ground with a blue sky and a white sun in the upper left corner. <}0{>第6條 （國旗）中華民國國旗定為紅地，左上角青天白日。<0}
{0> Chapter II. Rights and Duties of the People<}0{>第二章人民之權利義務<0}
{0>Article 7 All citizens of the Republic of China, irrespective of sex, religion, race, class, or party affiliation, shall be equal before the law. <}0{>第7條 （平等權）中華民國人民，無分男女、宗教、種族、階級、黨派，在法律上一律平等。<0}
{0>Article 8 Personal freedom shall be guaranteed to the people. Except in case of flagrante delicto as provided by law, no person shall be arrested or detained otherwise than by a judicial or a police organ in accordance with the procedure prescribed by law. <}0{>第8條 （人身自由）人民身體之自由應予保障。除現行犯之逮捕由法律另定外，非經司法或警察機關依法定程序，不得逮捕拘禁。<0}
{0>No person shall be tried or punished otherwise than by a law court in accordance with the procedure prescribed by law. <}0{>非由法院依法定程序，不得審問處罰。<0}
{0>Any arrest, detention, trial, or punishment which is not in accordance with the procedure prescribed by law may be resisted.<}0{>非依法定程序之逮捕、拘禁、審問、處罰，得拒絕之。<0}
{0>When a person is arrested or detained on suspicion of having committed a crime, the organ making the arrest or detention shall in writing inform the said person, and his designated relative or friend, of the grounds for his arrest or detention, and shall, within 24 hours, turn him over to a competent court for trial. <}0{>人民因犯罪嫌疑被逮捕拘禁時，其逮捕拘禁機關應將逮捕拘禁原因，以書面告知本人及其本人指定之親友，並至遲於二十四小時內移送該管法院審問。<0}
{0>The said person, or any other person, may petition the competent court that a writ be served within 24 hours on the organ making the arrest for the surrender of the said person for trial.<}0{>本人或他人亦得聲請該管法院，於二十四小時內向逮捕之機關提審。<0}
{0>The court shall not reject the petition mentioned in the preceding paragraph, nor shall it order the organ concerned to make an investigation and report first. <}0{>法院對於前項聲請，不得拒絕，並不得先令逮捕拘禁之機關查覆。<0}
{0>The organ concerned shall not refuse to execute, or delay in executing, the writ of the court for the surrender of the said person for trial.<}0{>逮捕拘禁之機關，對於法院之提審，不得拒絕或遲延。<0}
{0>When a person is unlawfully arrested or detained by any organ, he or any other person may petition the court for an investigation. The court shall not reject such a petition, and shall, within 24 hours, investigate the action of the organ concerned and deal with the matter in accordance with law. <}0{>人民遭受任何機關非法逮捕拘禁時，其本人或他人得向法院聲請追究，法院不得拒絕，並應於二十四小時內向逮捕拘禁之機關追究，依法處理。<0}
{0>Article 9 Except those in active military service, no person shall be subject to trial by a military tribunal. <}0{>第9條 （人民不受軍審原則）人民除現役軍人外，不受軍事審判。<0}
{0>Article 10 The people shall have freedom of residence and of change of residence. <}0{>第10條 （居住遷徙自由）人民有居住及遷徙之自由。<0}
{0>Article 11 The people shall have freedom of speech, teaching, writing and publication. <}0{>第11條 （表現自由）人民有言論、講學、著作及出版之自由。<0}
{0>Article 12 The people shall have freedom of privacy of correspondence. <}0{>第12條 （秘密通訊自由）人民有秘密通訊之自由。<0}
{0>Article 13 The people shall have freedom of religious belief. <}0{>第13條 （信教自由）人民有信仰宗教之自由。<0}
{0>Article 14 The people shall have freedom of assembly and association. <}0{>第14條 （集會結社自由）人民有集會及結社之自由。<0}
{0>Article 15 The right of existence, the right to work and the right of property shall be guaranteed to the people. <}0{>第15條 （生存權、工作權及財產權）人民之生存權、工作權及財產權，應予保障。<0}
{0>Article 16 The people shall have the right of presenting petitions, lodging complaints, or instituting legal proceedings. <}0{>第16條 （請願、訴願及訴訟權）人民有請願、訴願及訴訟之權。<0}
{0>Article 17 The people shall have the right of election, recall, initiative and referendum. <}0{>第17條 （參政權）人民有選舉、罷免、創制及複決之權。<0}
{0>Article 18 The people shall have the right of taking public examinations and of holding public offices. <}0{>第18條 （應考試服公職權）人民有應考試服公職之權。<0}
{0>Article 19 The people shall have the duty of paying taxes in accordance with law. <}0{>第19條 （納稅義務）人民有依法律納稅之義務。<0}
{0>Article 20 The people shall have the duty of performing military service in accordance with law. <}0{>第20條 （兵役義務）人民有依法律服兵役之義務。<0}
{0>Article 21 The people shall have the right and the duty of receiving citizens´ education. <}0{>第21條 （受教育之權義）人民有受國民教育之權利與義務。<0}
{0>Article 22 All other freedoms and rights of the people that are not detrimental to social order or public welfare shall be guaranteed under the Constitution. <}0{>第22條 （基本人權保障)凡人民之其他自由及權利，不妨害社會秩序公共利益者，均受憲法之保障。<0}
{0>Article 23 All the freedoms and rights enumerated in the preceding Articles shall not be restricted by law except such as may be necessary to prevent infringement upon the freedoms of other persons, to avert an imminent crisis, to maintain social order or to advance public welfare. <}0{>第23條 （基本人權之限制)以上各條列舉之自由權利，除為防止妨礙他人自由、避免緊急危難、維持社會秩序，或增進公共利益所必要者外，不得以法律限制之。<0}
{0>Article 24 Any public functionary who, in violation of law, infringes upon the freedom or right of any person shall, in addition to being subject to disciplinary measures in accordance with law, be held responsible under criminal and civil laws. <}0{>第24條 （公務員責任及國家賠償責任)凡公務員違法侵害人民之自由或權利者，除依法律受懲戒外，應負刑事及民事責任。<0}
{0>The injured person may, in accordance with law, claim compensation from the State for damage sustained. <}0{>被害人民就其所受損害，並得依法律向國家請求賠償。<0}
{0> Chapter III. The National Assembly<}0{>第三章國民大會<0}
{0>Article 25 The National Assembly shall, in accordance with the provisions of this Constitution, exercise political powers on behalf of the whole body of citizens. <}0{>第25條 （地位)國民大會依本憲法之規定，代表全國國民行使政權。<0}
{0>Article 26 The National Assembly shall be composed of the following delegates:<}0{>第26條 （國大代表之名額)國民大會以左列代表組織之：<0}
{0>1.One delegate shall be elected from each hsien, municipality, or area of equivalent status. In case its population exceeds 500,000, one additional delegate shall be elected for each additional 500,000. Areas equivalent to hsien or municipalities shall be prescribed by law;<}0{>一　每縣市及其同等區域各選出代表一人，但其人口逾五十萬人者，每增加五十萬人，增選代表一人。縣市同等區域以法律定之。<0}
{0>2.Delegates to represent Mongolia shall be elected on the basis of four for each league and one for each Special banner;<}0{>二　蒙古選出代表，每盟四人，每特別旗一人。<0}
{0>3.The number of delegates to be elected from Tibet shall be prescribed by law;<}0{>三　西藏選出代表，其名額以法律定之。<0}
{0>4.The number of delegates to be elected by various racial groups in frontier regions shall be prescribed by law;<}0{>四　各民族在邊疆地區選出代表，其名額以法律定之。<0}
{0>5.The number of delegates to be elected by Chinese citizens residing abroad shall be prescribed by law;<}0{>五　僑居國外之國民選出代表，其名額以法律定之。<0}
{0>6.The number of delegates to be elected by occupational groups shall be prescribed by law;<}0{>六　職業團體選出代表，其名額以法律定之。<0}
{0>7.The number of delegates to be elected by women´s organizations shall be prescribed by law. <}0{>七　婦女團體選出代表，其名額以法律定之。<0}
{0>Article 27 The function of the National Assembly shall be as follows:<}0{>第27條 （國大職權)國民大會之職權如左：<0}
{0>1.To elect the President and the Vice President;<}0{>一　選舉總統、副總統。<0}
{0>2.To recall the President and the Vice President;<}0{>二　罷免總統、副總統。<0}
{0>3.To amend the Constitution; and <}0{>三　修改憲法。<0}
{0>4.To vote on proposed Constitutional amendments submitted by the Legislative Yuan by way of referendum.<}0{>四　複決立法院所提之憲法修正案。<0}
{0>With respect to the rights of initiative and referendum, except as is provided in Items 3 and 4 of the preceding paragraph, the National Assembly shall make regulations pertaining thereto and put them into effect after the above-mentioned two political rights shall have been exercised in one half of the hsien and municipalities of the whole country. <}0{>關於創制複決兩權，除前項第三、第四兩款規定外，俟全國有半數之縣市曾經行使創制複決兩項政權時，由國民大會制定辦法並行使之。<0}
{0>Article 28 Delegates to the National Assembly shall be elected every six years.<}0{>第28條 （國大代表任期資格之限制)國民大會代表每六年改選一次。<0}
{0>The term of office of the delegates to each National Assembly shall terminate on the day on which the next National Assembly convenes.<}0{>每屆國民大會代表之任期，至次屆國民大會開會之日為止。<0}
{0>No incumbent government official shall, in the electoral area where he holds office, be elected delegate to the National Assembly. <}0{>現任官吏不得於其任所所在地之選舉區當選為國民大會代表。<0}
{0>Article 29 The National Assembly shall be convoked by the President to meet 90 days prior to the date of expiration of each presidential term. <}0{>第29條 （國大常會之召集)國民大會於每屆總統任滿前九十日集會，由總統召集之。<0}
{0>Article 30 An extraordinary session of the National Assembly shall be convoked in any one of the following circumstances:<}0{>第30條 （國大臨會之召集)國民大會遇有左列情形之一時，召集臨時會：<0}
{0>1.When, in accordance with the provisions of Article 49 of this Constitution, a new President and a new Vice President are to be elected;<}0{>一　依本憲法第四十九條之規定，應補選總統、副總統時。<0}
{0>2.When, by resolution of the Control Yuan, an impeachment of the President or the Vice President is instituted;<}0{>二　依監察院之決議，對於總統、副總統提出彈劾案時。<0}
{0>3.When, by resolution of the Legislative Yuan, an amendment to the Constitution is proposed; and <}0{>三　依立法院之決議，提出憲法修正案時。<0}
{0>4.When a meeting is requested by not less than two-fifths of the delegates to the National Assembly.<}0{>四　國民大會代表五分之二以上請求召集時。<0}
{0>When an extraordinary session is to be convoked in accordance with Item 1 or Item 2 of the preceding paragraph, the President of the Legislative Yuan shall issue the notice of convocation; when it is to be convoked in accordance with Item 3 or Item 4, it shall be convoked by the President of the Republic. <}0{>國民大會臨時會，如依前項第一款或第二款應召集時，由立法院院長通告集會。依第三款或第四款應召集時，由總統召集之。<0}
{0>Article 31 The National Assembly shall meet at the seat of the Central Government. <}0{>第31條 （國大開會地點)國民大會之開會地點在中央政府所在地。<0}
{0>Article 32 No delegate to the National Assembly shall be held responsible outside the Assembly for opinions expressed or votes cast at meetings of the Assembly. <}0{>第32條 （言論免責權)國民大會代表在會議時所為之言論及表決，對會外不負責任。<0}
{0>Article 33 While the Assembly is in session, no delegate to the National Assembly shall, except in case of flagrante delicto, be arrested or detained without the permission of the National Assembly. <}0{>第33條 （國民大會代表之不逮捕特權）國民大會代表，除現行犯外，在會期中，非經國民大會許可，不得逮捕或拘禁。<0}
{0>Article 34 The organization of the National Assembly, the election and recall of delegates to the National Assembly, and the procedure whereby the National Assembly is to carry out its functions, shall be prescribed by law. <}0{>第34條 （關於國民大會之附屬法規）國民大會之組織，國民大會代表選舉、罷免，及國民大會行使職權之程序，以法律定之。<0}
{0> Chapter IV. The President<}0{>第四章總統<0}
{0>Article 35 The President shall be the head of the State and shall represent the Republic of China in foreign relations. <}0{>第35條 （總統地位）總統為國家元首，對外代表中華民國。<0}
{0>Article 36 The President shall have supreme command of the land, sea and air forces of the whole country. <}0{>第36條 （總統統帥權）總統統率全國陸海空軍。<0}
{0>Article 37 The President shall, in accordance with law, promulgate laws and issue mandates with the counter-signature of the President of the Executive Yuan or with the counter-signatures of both the President of Executive Yuan and the Ministers or Chairmen of Commissions concerned. <}0{>第37條 （總統公布法令權）總統依法公布法律，發布命令，須經行政院院長之副署，或行政院院長及有關部會首長之副署。<0}
{0>Article 38 The President shall, in accordance with the provisions of this Constitution, exercise the powers of concluding treaties, declaring war and making peace. <}0{>第38條 （總統之外交權）總統依本憲法之規定，行使締結條約及宣戰、媾和之權。<0}
{0>Article 39 The President may, in accordance with law, declare martial law with the approval of, or subject to confirmation by, the Legislative Yuan. When the Legislative Yuan deems it necessary, it may by resolution request the President to terminate martial law. <}0{>第39條 （總統宣布戒嚴權）總統依法宣布戒嚴，但須經立法院之通過或追認。立法院認為必要時，得決議移請總統解嚴。<0}
{0>Article 40 The President shall, in accordance with law, exercise the power of granting amnesties, pardons, remission of sentences and restitution of civil rights. <}0{>第40條 （總統赦免權）總統依法行使大赦、特赦、減刑及復權之權。<0}
{0>Article 41 The President shall, in accordance with law, appoint and remove civil and military officials. <}0{>第41條 （總統任免官員權）總統依法任免文武官員。<0}
{0>Article 42 The President may, in accordance with law, confer honors and decorations. <}0{>第42條 （總統授與榮典權）總統依法授與榮典。<0}
{0>Article 43 In case of a natural calamity, an epidemic, or a national financial or economic crisis that calls for emergency measures, the President, during the recess of the Legislative Yuan, may, by resolution of the Executive Yuan Council, and in accordance with the Law on Emergency Orders, issue emergency orders, proclaiming such measures as may be necessary to cope with the situation. Such orders shall, within one month after issuance, be presented to the Legislative Yuan for confirmation; <}0{>第43條 （總統發布緊急命令權）國家遇有天然災害、癘疫，或國家財政經濟上有重大變故，須為急速處分時，總統於立法院休會期間，得經行政院會議之決議，依緊急命令法，發布緊急命令，為必要之處置，但須於發布命令後一個月內提交立法院追認。<0}
{0>in case the Legislative Yuan withholds confirmation, the said orders shall forthwith cease to be valid. <}0{>如立法院不同意時，該緊急命令立即失效。<0}
{0>Article 44 In case of disputes between two or more Yuan other than those concerning which there are relevant provisions in this Constitution, the President may call a meeting of the Presidents of the Yuan concerned for consultation with a view to reaching a solution. <}0{>第44條 （權限爭議處理權）總統對於院與院間之爭執，除本憲法有規定者外，得召集有關各院院長會商解決之。<0}
{0>Article 45 Any citizen of the Republic of China who has attained the age of 40 years may be elected President or Vice President. <}0{>第45條 （總統副總統之被選資格）中華民國國民年滿四十歲者，得被選為總統、副總統。<0}
{0>Article 46 The election of the President and the Vice President shall be prescribed by law. <}0{>第46條 （選舉方法）總統、副總統之選舉，以法律定之。<0}
{0>Article 47 The President and the Vice President shall serve a term of six years. They may be re-elected for a second term. <}0{>第47條 （總統副總統任期）總統、副總統之任期為六年，連選得連任一次。<0}
{0>Article 48 The President shall, at the time of assuming office, take the following oath:<}0{>第48條 （總統就職宣誓）總統應於就職時宣誓，誓詞如左：<0}
{0> "I do solemnly and sincerely swear before the people of the whole country that I will observe the Constitution, faithfully perform my duties, promote the welfare of the people, safeguard the security of the State, and will in no way betray the people´s trust. Should I break my oath, I shall be willing to submit myself to severe punishment by the State. This is my solemn oath." <}0{>「余謹以至誠，向全國人民宣誓，余必遵守憲法，盡忠職務，增進人民福利，保衛國家，無負國民付託。如違誓言，願受國家嚴厲之制裁。謹誓」<0}
{0>Article 49 In case the office of the President should become vacant, the Vice President shall succeed until the expiration of the original presidential term. <}0{>第49條 （繼任及代行總統職權(一)）總統缺位時，由副總統繼任，至總統任期屆滿為止。<0}
{0>In case the office of both the President and the Vice President should become vacant, the President of the Executive Yuan shall act for the President; and, in accordance with the provisions of Article 30 of this Constitution, an extraordinary session of the National Assembly shall be convoked for the election of a new President and a new Vice President, who shall hold office until the completion of the term left unfinished by the preceding President. <}0{>總統、副總統均缺位時，由行政院院長代行其職權，並依本憲法第三十條之規定，召集國民大會臨時會，補選總統、副總統，其任期以補足原任總統未滿之任期為止。<0}
{0>In case the President should be unable to attend to office due to any cause, the Vice President shall act for the President. <}0{>總統因故不能視事時，由副總統代行其職權。<0}
{0>In case both the President and the Vice President should be unable to attend to office, the President of the Executive Yuan shall act for the President. <}0{>總統、副總統均不能視事時，由行政院院長代行其職權。<0}
{0>Article 50 The President shall be relieved of his functions on the day on which his term of office expires. If by that time, the succeeding President has not yet been elected, or if the President-elect and the Vice-President-elect have not yet assumed office, the President of the Executive Yuan shall act for the President. <}0{>第50條 （代行總統職權(二)）總統於任滿之日解職，如屆期次任總統尚未選出，或選出後總統、副總統均未就職時，由行政院院長代行總統職權。<0}
{0>Article 51 The period during which the President of the Executive Yuan may act for the President shall not exceed three months. <}0{>第51條 （行政院長代行職權之期限）行政院院長代行總統職權時，其期限不得逾三個月。<0}
{0>Article 52 The President shall not, without having been recalled, or having been relieved of his functions, be liable to criminal prosecution unless he is charged with having committed an act of rebellion or treason. <}0{>第52條 （刑事豁免權）總統除犯內亂或外患罪外，非經罷免或解職，不受刑事上之訴究。<0}
{0> Chapter V. Administration<}0{>第五章行政<0}
{0>Article 53 The Executive Yuan shall be the highest administrative organ of the state. <}0{>第53條 （最高行政）行政院為國家最高行政機關。<0}
{0>Article 54 The Executive Yuan shall have a President, a Vice President, a certain number of Ministers and Chairmen of Commissions, and a certain number of Ministers without Portfolio. <}0{>第54條 （行政院組織）行政院設院長、副院長各一人，各部會首長若干人，及不管部會之政務委員若干人。<0}
{0>Article 55 The President of the Executive Yuan shall be nominated and, with the consent of the Legislative Yuan, appointed by the President of the Republic.<}0{>第55條 （行政院院長之任命）行政院院長由總統提名，經立法院同意任命之。<0}
{0>If, during the recess of the Legislative Yuan, the President of the Executive Yuan should resign or if his office should become vacant, his functions shall be exercised by the Vice President of the Yuan, acting on his behalf, but the President of the Republic shall, within 40 days, request a meeting of the Legislative Yuan to confirm his nominee for the vacancy.<}0{>立法院休會期間，行政院院長辭職或出缺時，由行政院副院長代理其職務，但總統須於四十日內咨請立法院召集會議，提出行政院院長人選，徵求同意。<0}
{0>Pending such confirmation, the Vice President of the Executive Yuan shall temporarily exercise the functions of the President of the said Yuan. <}0{>行政院院長職務，在總統所提行政院院長人選未經立法院同意前，由行政院副院長暫行代理。<0}
{0>Article 56 The Vice President of the Executive Yuan, Ministers and Chairmen of Commissions, and Ministers without Portfolio shall be appointed by the President of the Republic upon the recommendation of the President of the Executive Yuan. <}0{>第56條 （行政院副院長及各部會首長之任命）行政院副院長、各部會首長及不管部會之政務委員，由行政院院長提請總統任命之。<0}
{0>Article 57 The Executive Yuan shall be responsible to the Legislative Yuan in accordance with the following provisions:<}0{>第57條 （行政院與立法院之主要關係）行政院依左列規定，對立法院負責：<0}
{0>1.The Executive Yuan has the duty to present to the Legislative Yuan a statement of its administrative policies and a report on its administration. While the Legislative Yuan is in session, Members of the Legislative Yuan shall have the right to question the President and the Ministers and Chairmen of Commissions of the Executive Yuan;<}0{>一行政院有向立法院提出施政方針及施政報告之責。立法委員在開會時，有向行政院院長及行政院各部會首長質詢之權。<0}
{0>2.If the Legislative Yuan does not concur in any important policy of the Executive Yuan, it may, by resolution, request the Executive Yuan to alter such a policy. <}0{>二立法院對於行政院之重要政策不贊同時，得以決議移請行政院變更之。<0}
{0>With respect to such resolution, the Executive Yuan may, with the approval of the President of the Republic, request the Legislative Yuan for reconsideration. <}0{>行政院對於立法院之決議，得經總統之核可，移請立法院覆議。<0}
{0>If, after reconsideration, two-thirds of the Members of the Legislative Yuan present at the meeting uphold the original resolution, the President of the Executive Yuan shall either abide by the same or resign from office;<}0{>覆議時，如經出席立法委員三分之二維持原決議，行政院院長應即接受該決議或辭職。<0}
{0>3.If the Executive Yuan deems a resolution on a statutory, budgetary, or treaty bill passed by the Legislative Yuan difficult of execution, it may, with the approval of the President of the Republic and within ten days after its transmission to the Executive Yuan, request the Legislative Yuan to reconsider the said resolution. <}0{>三行政院對於立法院決議之法律案、預算案、條約案，如認為有窒礙難行時，得經總統之核可，於該決議案送達行政院十日內，移請立法院覆議。<0}
{0>If after reconsideration, two-thirds of the Members of the Legislative Yuan present at the meeting uphold the original resolution, the President of the Executive Yuan shall either abide by the same or resign from office. <}0{>覆議時，如經出席立法委員三分之二維持原案，行政院院長應即接受該決議或辭職。<0}
{0>Article 58 The Executive Yuan shall have an Executive Yuan Council, to be composed of its President, Vice President, various Ministers and Chairmen of Commissions, and Ministers without Portfolio, with its President as Chairman.<}0{>第58條 （行政院會議）行政院設行政院會議，由行政院院長、副院長、各部會首長及不管部會之政務委員組織之，以院長為主席。<0}
{0>Statutory or budgetary bills or bills concerning martial law, amnesty, declaration of war, conclusion of peace, treaties, and other important affairs, all of which are to be submitted to the Legislative Yuan, as well as matters that are of common concern to the various Ministries and Commissions, shall be presented by the President and various Ministers and Chairmen of Commissions of the Executive Yuan to the Executive Yuan Council for decision. <}0{>行政院院長、各部會首長，須將應行提出於立法院之法律案、預算案、戒嚴案、大赦案、宣戰案、媾和案、條約案及其他重要事項，或涉及各部會共同關係之事項，提出於行政院會議議決之。<0}
{0>Article 59 The Executive Yuan shall, three months before the beginning of each fiscal year, present to the Legislative Yuan the budgetary bill for the following fiscal year. <}0{>第59條 （預算案之提出）行政院於會計年度開始三個月前，應將下年度預算案提出於立法院。<0}
{0>Article 60 The Executive Yuan shall, within four months after the end of each fiscal year, present final accounts of revenues and expenditures to the Control Yuan. <}0{>第60條 （決算之提出）行政院於會計年度結束後四個月內，應提出決算於監察院。<0}
{0>Article 61 The organization of the Executive Yuan shall be prescribed by law. <}0{>第61條 （行政院組織法之制定）行政院之組織，以法律定之。<0}
{0> Chapter VI. Legislation<}0{>第六章立法<0}
{0>Article 62 The Legislative Yuan shall be the highest legislative organ of the State, to be constituted of members elected by the people. It shall exercise legislative power on behalf of the people. <}0{>第62條 （最高立法機關）立法院為國家最高立法機關，由人民選舉之立法委員組織之，代表人民行使立法權。<0}
{0>Article 63 The Legislative Yuan shall have the power to decide by resolution upon statutory or budgetary bills or bills concerning material law, amnesty, declaration of war, conclusion of peace or treaties, and other important affairs of the State. <}0{>第63條 （職權）立法院有議決法律案、預算案、戒嚴案、大赦案、宣戰案、媾和案、條約案及國家其他重要事項之權。<0}
{0>Article 64 Members of the Legislative Yuan shall be elected in accordance with the following provisions:<}0{>第64條 （立法委員之產生方式）立法院立法委員，依左列規定選出之：<0}
{0>1.Those to be elected from the provinces and by the municipalities under the direct jurisdiction of the Executive Yuan shall be five for each province or municipality with a population of not more than 3,000,000, one additional member shall be elected for each additional 1,000,000 in a province or municipality whose population is over 3,000,000;<}0{>一　各省、各直轄市選出者，其人口在三百萬以下者五人，其人口超過三百萬者，每滿一百萬人增選一人。<0}
{0>2.Those to be elected from Mongolian Leagues and Banners;<}0{>二　蒙古各盟旗選出者。<0}
{0>3.Those to be elected from Tibet;<}0{>三　西藏選出者。<0}
{0>4.Those to be elected by various racial groups in frontier regions;<}0{>四　各民族在邊疆地區選出者。<0}
{0>5.Those to be elected by Chinese citizens residing abroad; and <}0{>五　僑居國外之國民選出者。<0}
{0>6.Those to be elected by occupational groups.<}0{>六　職業團體選出者。<0}
{0>The election of Members of the Legislative Yuan and the number of those to be elected in accordance with Items 2 to 6 of the preceding paragraph shall be prescribed by law. The number of women to be elected under the various items enumerated in the first paragraph shall be prescribed by law. <}0{>立法委員之選舉及前項第二款至第六款立法委員名額之分配，以法律定之。婦女在第一項各款之名額，以法律定之。<0}
{0>Article 65 Members of the Legislative Yuan shall serve a term of three years, and shall be re-eligible. The election of Members of the Legislative Yuan shall be completed within three months prior to the expiration of each term. <}0{>第65條 （立委任期）立法委員之任期為三年，連選得連任，其選舉於每屆任滿前三個月內完成之。<0}
{0>Article 66 The Legislative Yuan shall have a President and a Vice President, who shall be elected by and from among its Members. <}0{>第66條 （立法院正副院長之產生）立法院設院長、副院長各一人，由立法委員互選之。<0}
{0>Article 67 The Legislative Yuan may set up various committees.<}0{>第67條 （委員會之設罝）立法院得設各種委員會。<0}
{0>Such committees may invite government officials and private persons concerned to be present at their meetings to answer questions. <}0{>各種委員會得邀請政府人員及社會上有關係人員到會備詢。<0}
{0>Article 68 The Legislative Yuan shall hold two sessions each year, and shall convene of its own accord. The first session shall last from February to the end of May, and the second session from September to the end of December. Whenever necessary a session may be prolonged. <}0{>第68條 （常會）立法院會期，每年兩次，自行集會，第一次自二月至五月底，第二次自九月至十二月底，必要時得延長之。<0}
{0>Article 69 In any of the following circumstances, the Legislative Yuan may hold an extraordinary session:<}0{>第69條 （臨時會）立法院遇有左列情事之一時，得開臨時會：<0}
{0>1.At the request of the President of the Republic;<}0{>一總統之咨請。<0}
{0>2.Upon the request of not less than one-fourth of its members. <}0{>二立法委員四分之一以上之請求。<0}
{0>Article 70 The Legislative Yuan shall not make proposals for an increase in the expenditures in the budgetary bill presented by the Executive Yuan. <}0{>第70條 （增加支出預算提議之限制）立法院對於行政院所提預算案，不得為增加支出之提議。<0}
{0>Article 71 At the meetings of the Legislative Yuan, the Presidents of the various Yuan concerned and the various Ministers and Chairmen of Commissions concerned may be present to give their views. <}0{>第71條 （關係院首長列席）立法院開會時，關係院院長及各部會首長得列席陳述意見。<0}
{0>Article 72 Statutory bills passed by the Legislative Yuan shall be transmitted to the President of the Republic and to the Executive Yuan. The President shall, within ten days after receipt thereof, promulgate them; or he may deal with them in accordance with the provisions of Article 57 of this Constitution. <}0{>第72條 （公布法律）立法院法律案通過後，移送總統及行政院，總統應於收到後十日內公布之，但總統得依照本憲法第五十七條之規定辦理。<0}
{0>Article 73 No Member of the Legislative Yuan shall be held responsible outside the Yuan for opinions expressed or votes cast in the Yuan. <}0{>第73條 （言論免責權）立法院委員在院內所為之言論及表決，對院外不負責任。<0}
{0>Article 74 No Member of the Legislative Yuan shall, except in case of flagrante delicto, be arrested or detained without the permission of the Legislative Yuan. <}0{>第74條 （立法委員之不逮捕特權）立法委員，除現行犯外，非經立法院許可，不得逮捕或拘禁。<0}
{0>Article 75 No Member of the Legislative Yuan shall concurrently hold a government post. <}0{>第75條 （立委兼任官吏之禁止）立法委員不得兼任官吏。<0}
{0>Article 76 The organization of the Legislative Yuan shall be prescribed by law. <}0{>第76條 （立法院組織法之制定）立法院之組織，以法律定之。<0}
{0> Chapter VII. Judiciary<}0{>第七章司法<0}
{0>Article 77 The Judicial Yuan shall be the highest judicial organ of the State and shall have charge of civil, criminal, and administrative cases, and over cases concerning disciplinary measures against public functionaries. <}0{>第77條 （司法院之地位及職權）司法院為國家最高司法機關，掌理民事、刑事、行政訴訟之審判及公務員之懲戒。<0}
{0>Article 78 The Judicial Yuan shall interpret the Constitution and shall have the power to unify the interpretation of laws and orders. <}0{>第78條 （司法院之法律解釋權）司法院解釋憲法，並有統一解釋法律及命令之權。<0}
{0>Article 79 The Judicial Yuan shall have a President and a Vice President, who shall be nominated and, with the consent of the Control Yuan, appointed by the President of the Republic.<}0{>第79條 （正副院長及大法官之任命）司法院設院長、副院長各一人，由總統提名，經監察院同意任命之。<0}
{0>The Judicial Yuan shall have a number of Grand Justices to take charge of matters specified in Article 78 of this Constitution, who shall be nominated and, with the consent of the Control Yuan, appointed by the President of the Republic. <}0{>司法院設大法官若干人，掌理本憲法第七十八條規定事項，由總統提名，經監察院同意任命之。<0}
{0>Article 80 Judges shall be above partisanship and shall, in accordance with law, hold trials independently, free from any interference. <}0{>第80條 （法官依法獨立審判）法官須超出黨派以外，依據法律獨立審判，不受任何干涉。<0}
{0>Article 81 Judges shall hold office for life. No judge shall be removed from office unless he has been guilty of a criminal offense or subjected to disciplinary measure, or declared to be under interdiction. No judge shall, except in accordance with law, be suspended or transferred or have his salary reduced. <}0{>第81條 （法官之保障）法官為終身職，非受刑事或懲戒處分，或禁治產之宣告，不得免職。非依法律，不得停職、轉任或減俸。<0}
{0>Article 82 The organization of the Judicial Yuan and of law courts of various grades shall be prescribed by law. <}0{>第82條 （法院組織法之制定）司法院及各級法院之組織，以法律定之。<0}
{0> Chapter VIII. Examination<}0{>第八章考試<0}
{0>Article 83 The Examination Yuan shall be the highest examination organ of the State and shall have charge of matters relating to examination, employment, registration, service rating, scales of salary, promotion and transfer, security of tenure, commendation, pecuniary aid in case of death, retirement and old age pension. <}0{>第83條 （考試院之地位及職權）考試院為國家最高考試機關，掌理考試、任用、銓敘、考績、級俸、陞遷、保障、褒獎、撫卹、退休、養老等事項。<0}
{0>Article 84 The Examination Yuan shall have a President and a Vice President and a certain number of Members, all of whom shall be nominated and, with the consent the Control Yuan, appointed by the President of the Republic. <}0{>第84條 （正副院長及考試委員之任命）考試院設院長、副院長各一人，考試委員若干人，由總統提名，經監察院同意任命之。<0}
{0>Article 85 In the selection of public functionaries, a system of open competitive examination shall be put into operation, and examination shall be held in different areas, with prescribed numbers of persons to be selected according to various provinces and areas. No person shall be appointed to a public office unless he is qualified through examination. <}0{>第85條 （公務員之考選）公務人員之選拔，應實行公開競爭之考試制度，並應按省區分別規定名額，分區舉行考試。非經考試及格者，不得任用。<0}
{0>Article 86 The following qualifications shall be determined and registered through examnination by the Examination Yuan in accordance with law:<}0{>第86條 （應受考銓之資格）左列資格，應經考試院依法考選銓定之：<0}
{0>1.Qualification for appointment as public functionaries; and <}0{>一公務人員任用資格。<0}
{0>2.Qualification for practice in specialized professions or as technicians. <}0{>二專門職業及技術人員執業資格。<0}
{0>Article 87 The Examination Yuan may, with respect to matters under its charge , present statuory bills to the Legislative Yuan. <}0{>第87條 （法律案之提出）考試院關於所掌事項，得向立法院提出法律案。<0}
{0>Article 88 Members of the Examination Yuan shall be above partisanship and shall independently exercise their functions in accordance with law. <}0{>第88條 （依法獨立行使職權）考試委員須超出黨派以外，依據法律獨立行使職權。<0}
{0>Article 89 The organization of the Examination Yuan shall be prescribed by law. <}0{>第89條 （考試院組織法之制定）考試院之組織，以法律定之。<0}
{0> Chapter IX. Control<}0{>第九章監察<0}
{0>Article 90 The Control Yuan shall be the highest control organ of the State and shall exercise the powers of consent, impeachment, censure, and auditing. <}0{>第90條 （監察院之地位及職權）監察院為國家最高監察機關，行使同意、彈劾、糾舉及審計權。<0}
{0>Article 91 The Control Yuan shall be composed of Members who shall be elected by Provincial and Municipal Councils, the local Councils of Mongolia and Tibet, and Chinese citizens residing abroad. Their numbers shall be determined in accordance with the following provisions:<}0{>第91條 （監委之選舉）監察院設監察委員，由各省市議會、蒙古西藏地方議會及華僑團體選舉之。其名額分配，依左列之規定：<0}
{0>1.Five Members for each Province;<}0{>一每省五人。<0}
{0>2.Two Members for each municipality under the direct jurisdiction of the Executive Yuan;<}0{>二每直轄市二人。<0}
{0>3.Eight Members for the Mongolian Leagues and Banners;<}0{>三蒙古各盟旗共八人。<0}
{0>4.Eight Members for Tibet; and <}0{>四西藏八人。<0}
{0>5.Eight Members for Chinese citizens residing abroad. <}0{>五僑居國外之國民八人。<0}
{0>Article 92 The Control Yuan shall have a President and a Vice President, who shall be elected by and from among its Members. <}0{>第92條 （正副院長之選舉）監察院設院長、副院長各一人，由監察委員互選之。<0}
{0>Article 93 Members of the Control Yuan shall serve a term of six years and shall be re-eligible. <}0{>第93條 （監委任期）監察委員之任期為六年，連選得連任。<0}
{0>Article 94 When the Control Yual exercises the power of consent in accordance with this Constitution, it shall do so by resolution of a majority of the Members present at the meeting. <}0{>第94條 （同意權之行使）監察院依本憲法行使同意權時，由出席委員過半數之議決行之。<0}
{0>Article 95 The Control Yuan may, in the exercise of its power of control, request the Executive Yuan and its Ministries and Commissions to submit to it for perusal the original orders issued by them and all other relevant documents. <}0{>第95條 （調查權之行使）監察院為行使監察權，得向行政院及其各部會調閱其所發布之命令及各種有關文件。<0}
{0>Article 96 The Control Yuan may, taking into account the work of the Executive Yuan and its various Ministries and Commissions, set up a certain number of committees to investigate their activities with a view to ascertaining whether or not they are guilty of violation of law or neglect of duty. <}0{>第96條 （委員會之設置）監察院得按行政院及其各部會之工作，分設若干委員會，調查一切設施，注意其是否違法或失職。<0}
{0>Article 97 The Control Yuan may, on the basis of the investigations and resolutions of its committees, propose corrective measures and forward them to the Executive Yuan and the Ministries and Commissions concerned, directing their attention to effecting improvements.<}0{>第97條 （糾正權、糾舉權及彈劾之行使）監察院經各該委員會之審查及決議，得提出糾正案，移送行政院及其有關部會，促其注意改善。<0}
{0>When the Control Yuan deems a public functionary in the Central Government or in a local government guilty of neglect of duty or violation of law, it may propose corrective measures or institute an impeachment. If it involves a criminal offense, the case shall be turned over to a law court. <}0{>監察院對於中央及地方公務人員，認為有失職或違法情事，得提出糾舉案或彈劾案，如涉及刑事，應移送法院辦理。<0}
{0>Article 98 Impeachment by the Control Yuan of a public functionary in the Central Government or in a local government shall be instituted upon the proposal of one or more than one Member of the Control Yuan and the decision, after due consideration, by a committee composed of not less nine Members. <}0{>第98條 （彈劾案之提出）監察院對於中央及地方公務人員之彈劾案，須經監察委員一人以上之提議，九人以上之審查及決定，始得提出。<0}
{0>Article 99 In case of impeachment by the Control Yuan of the personnel of the Judicial Yuan or of the Examination Yuan for neglect of duty or violation of law, the provisions of Articles 95, 97, and 98 of this Constitution shall be applicable. <}0{>第99條 （司法考試人員之彈劾）監察院對於司法院或考試院人員失職或違法之彈劾，適用本憲法第九十五條、第九十七條及第九十八條之規定。<0}
{0>Article 100 Impeachment by the Control Yuan of the President or the Vice President shall be instituted upon the proposal of not less than one fourth of the whole body of Members of the Control Yuan and the resolution, after due consideration, by the majority of the whole body of members of the Control Yuan, and the same shall be presented to the National Assembly. <}0{>第100條 （總統副總統之彈劾）監察院對於總統、副總統之彈劾案，須有全體監察委員四分之一以上之提議，全體監察委員過半數之審查及決議，向國民大會提出之。<0}
{0>Article 101 No Member of the Control Yuan shall be held responsible outside the Yuan for opinions expressed or votes cast in the Yuan. <}0{>第101條 （言論免責權）監察委員在院內所為之言論及表決，對院外不負責任。<0}
{0>Article 102 No Member of the Control Yuan shall, except in case of flagrante delicto, be arrested or detained without the permission of the Control Yuan. <}0{>第102條 （監察委員之不逮捕特權）監察委員，除現行犯外，非經監察院許可，不得逮捕或拘禁。<0}
{0>Article 103 No member of the Control Yuan shall concurrently hold a public office or engage in any profession. <}0{>第103條 （監委兼職之禁止）監察委員不得兼任其他公職或執行業務。<0}
{0>Article 104 In the Control Yuan, there shall have an Auditor General who shall be nominated and, with the consent of the Legislative Yuan, appointed by the President of the Republic. <}0{>第104條 （審計長之任命）監察院設審計長，由總統提名，經立法院同意任命之。<0}
{0>Article 105 The Auditor General shall, within three months after presentation by the Executive Yuan of the final accounts of revenues and expenditures, complete the auditing thereof in accordance with law and submit an auditing report to the Legislative Yuan. <}0{>第105條 （決算之審核及報告）審計長應於行政院提出決算後三個月內，依法完成其審核，並提出審核報告於立法院。<0}
{0>Article 106 The organization of the Control Yuan shall be prescribed by law. <}0{>第106條 （監察院組織法之制定）監察院之組織，以法律定之。<0}
{0> Chapter X. Powers of the Central and Local Governments<}0{>第一○章中央與地方之權限<0}
{0>Article 107 In the following matters, the Central Government shall have the power of legislation and administration:<}0{>第107條 （中央立法並執行之事項）左列事項，由中央立法並執行之：<0}
{0>1.Foreign affairs;<}0{>一外交。<0}
{0>2.National defense and military affairs concerning national defense;<}0{>二國防與國防軍事。<0}
{0>3.Nationality law and criminal, civil, and commercial law;<}0{>三國籍法及刑事、民事、商事之法律。<0}
{0>4.Judiciary system;<}0{>四司法制度。<0}
{0>5.Aviation, national highways, state-owned railways, navigation, postal and telecommunication services;<}0{>五航空、國道、國有鐵路、航政、郵政及電政。<0}
{0>6.Central Government finance and national revenues;<}0{>六中央財政與國稅。<0}
{0>7.Demarcation of national, provincial, and hsien revenues;<}0{>七國稅與省稅、縣稅之劃分。<0}
{0>8.State-operated economic enterprises;<}0{>八國營經濟事業。<0}
{0>9.Currency system and state banks;<}0{>九幣制及國家銀行。<0}
{0>10.Weights and measures;<}0{>一○度量衡。<0}
{0>11.Foreign trade policies;<}0{>一一國際貿易政策。<0}
{0>12.Financial and economic matters affecting foreigners or foreign countries; and <}0{>一二涉外之財政經濟事項。<0}
{0>13.Other matters relating to the Central Government as provided by this Constitution. <}0{>一三其他依本憲法所定關於中央之事項。<0}
{0>Article 108 In the following matters, the Central Government shall have the power of legislation and administration, but the Central Government may delegate the power of Administration to the provincial and hsien governments:<}0{>第108條 （中央立法事項）左列事項，由中央立法並執行之，或交由省縣執行之：<0}
{0>1. General principles of provincial and hsien self-government;<}0{>一省縣自治通則。<0}
{0>2. Division of administrative areas;<}0{>二行政區劃。<0}
{0>3. Foresty, industry, mining, and commerce;<}0{>三森林、工礦及商業。<0}
{0>4. Educational system;<}0{>四教育制度。<0}
{0>5. Banking and exchange system;<}0{>五銀行及交易所制度。<0}
{0>6. Shipping and deep-sea fishery;<}0{>六航業及海洋漁業。<0}
{0>7. Public utilities;<}0{>七公用事業。<0}
{0>8. Cooperative enterprises;<}0{>八合作事業。<0}
{0>9. Water and land commnunication and transportation covering two or more provinces;<}0{>九二省以上之水陸交通運輪。<0}
{0>10.Water conservancy, waterways, agriculture and pastoral enterprises covering two or more provinces;<}0{>一○二省以上之水利、河道及農牧事業。<0}
{0>11.Registration, employment, supervision, and security of tenure of officials in Central and local governments;<}0{>一一中央及地方官吏之銓敘、任用、糾察及保障。<0}
{0>12.Land legislation;<}0{>一二土地法。<0}
{0>13.Labor legislation and other special legislation;<}0{>一三勞動法及其他社會立法。<0}
{0>14.Eminent domain;<}0{>一四公用徵收。<0}
{0>15.Census-taking and compilation of population statistics for the whole country;<}0{>一五全國戶口調查及統計。<0}
{0>16.Immigration and land reclamation;<}0{>一六移民及墾殖。<0}
{0>17.Police system;<}0{>一七警察制度。<0}
{0>18.Public health;<}0{>一八公共衛生。<0}
{0>19.Relief, pencuniary aid in case of death and aid in case of unemplyment; and <}0{>一九振濟、撫卹及失業救濟。<0}
{0>20.Preservation of ancient books and articles and sites of cultural value.<}0{>二○有關文化之古籍、古物及古蹟之保存。<0}
{0>With respect to the various items enumerted in the preceding paragraph, the provinces may enact separate rules and regulations, provided they are not in conflict with national laws. <}0{>前項各款，省於不牴觸國家法律內，得制定單行法規。<0}
{0>Article 109 In the following matters, the provinces shall have the power of legislation and administration, but the provinces may delegate the power of administration to the hsien:<}0{>第109條 （省立法事項）左列事項，由省立法並執行之，或交由縣執行之：<0}
{0>1. Provincial education, public health, industries, and communications;<}0{>一省教育、衛生、實業及交通。<0}
{0>2. Management and disposal of provincial property;<}0{>二省財產之經營及處分。<0}
{0>3. Administration of municipalities under provincial jurisdiction;<}0{>三省市政。<0}
{0>4. Province-operated enterprises;<}0{>四省公營事業。<0}
{0>5. Provincial cooperative enterprises;<}0{>五省合作事業。<0}
{0>6. Provincial agriculture, forestry, water conservancy, fishery, animal husbandry, and public works;<}0{>六省農林、水利、漁牧及工程。<0}
{0>7. Provincial finance and revenues;<}0{>七省財政及省稅。<0}
{0>8. Provincial debts;<}0{>八省債。<0}
{0>9. Provincial banks;<}0{>九省銀行。<0}
{0>10.Provincial police administration;<}0{>一○省警政之實施。<0}
{0>11.Provincial charitible and public welfare works; and <}0{>一一　省慈善及公益事項。<0}
{0>12.Other matters delegated to the provinces in accordance with national laws.<}0{>一二　其他依國家法律賦予之事項。<0}
{0>13.Except as otherwise provided by law, any of the matters enumerated in the various items of the preceding paragraph, in so far as it covers two or more provinces, may be undertaken jointly by the provinces concerned.<}0{>前項各款，有涉及二省以上者，除法律別有規定外，得由有關各省共同辦理。<0}
{0>14.When any province, in undertaking matters listed in any of the items of the first paragraph, finds its funds insufficient, it may, by resolution of the Legislative Yuan, obtain subsidies from the National Treasury. <}0{>各省辦理第一項各款事務，其經費不足時，經立法院議決，由國庫補助之。<0}
{0>Article 110 In the following matters, the hsien shall have the power of legislation and adminstration:<}0{>第110條 （縣立法並執行事項）左列事項，由縣立法並執行之：<0}
{0>1. Hsien education, public health, industries and communications;<}0{>一　縣教育、衛生、實業及交通。<0}
{0>2. Management and disposal of hsien property;<}0{>二　縣財產之經營及處分。<0}
{0>3. Hsien-operated enterprises;<}0{>三　縣公營事業。<0}
{0>4. Hsien cooperative enterprises;<}0{>四　縣合作事業。<0}
{0>5. Hsien agriculture and forestry, water conservancy, fishery, animal husbandry and public works;<}0{>五　縣農林、水利、漁牧及工程。<0}
{0>6. Hsien finance and revenues;<}0{>六　縣財政及縣稅。<0}
{0>7. Hsien debts;<}0{>七　縣債。<0}
{0>8. Hsien banks;<}0{>八　縣銀行。<0}
{0>9. Admistration of hsien police and defense;<}0{>九　縣警衛之實施。<0}
{0>10.Hsien charitable and public welfare works; and <}0{>一○　縣慈善及公益事業。<0}
{0>11.Other matters delegated to the hsien in accordance with national laws and provincial Self-Government Regulations.<}0{>一一　其他依國家法律及省自治法賦予之事項。<0}
{0>Except as otherwise provided by law, any of the matters enumerated in the various items of the proceding paragraph, in so far as it covers two or more hsien, may be undertaken jointly by the hsien concerned. <}0{>前項各款，有涉及二縣以上者，除法律別有規定外，得由有關各縣共同辦理。<0}
{0>Article 111 Any matter not enumerated in Articles 107, 108, 109, and 110 shall fall within the jurisdiction of the Central Government, if it is national in nature; of the province, if it is provincial in nature; and of the hsien, if it concerns the hsien. In case of dispute, it shall be settled by the Legislative Yuan. <}0{>第111條 （中央與地方權限分配）除第一百零七條、第一百零八條、第一百零九條及第一百十條列舉事項外，如有未列舉事項發生時，其事務有全國一致之性質者屬於中央，有全省一致之性質者屬於省，有一縣之性質者屬於縣。遇有爭議時，由立法院解決之。<0}
{0> Chapter XI. System of Local Government<}0{>第一一章地方制度<0}
{0> Section 1. The Province<}0{>第一節省<0}
{0>Article 112 A Province may convoke a Provincial Assembly to enact, in accordance with the General Principles of Provincial and Hsien Self-Government, regulations, provided the said regulations are not in conflict with the Constitution.<}0{>第112條 （省民代表大會之組織與權限）省得召集省民代表大會，依據省縣自治通則，制定省自治法，但不得與憲法牴觸。<0}
{0>The organization of the provincial assembly and the election of the delegates shall be prescribed by law. <}0{>省民代表大會之組織及選舉，以法律定之。<0}
{0>Article 113 The Provincial Self-Government Regulations shall include the following provisions:<}0{>第113條 （省自治法與立法權）省自治法應包含左列各款：<0}
{0>1.In the province, there shall be a provincial council. Members of the Provincial council shall be elected by the people of the province.<}0{>一　省設省議會，省議會議員由省民選舉之。<0}
{0>2.In the province,there shall be a provincial government with a Provincial Governor who be elected by the people of the Province.<}0{>二　省設省政府，置省長一人。省長由省民選舉之。<0}
{0>3.Relationship between the province and the hsien.<}0{>三　省與縣之關係。<0}
{0>The legislative power of the province shall be exercised by the Provincial Council. <}0{>屬於省之立法權，由省議會行之。<0}
{0>Article 114 The Provincial Self-Government Regulations shall, after enactment, be forthwith submitted to the Judicial Yuan.The Judicial Yuan, if it deems any part thereof unconstitutional, shall declare null and void the articles repugnant to the Constitution. <}0{>第114條 （省自治法之司法審查）省自治法制定後，須即送司法院。司法院如認為有違憲之處，應將違憲條文宣布無效。<0}
{0>Article 115 If, during the enforcement of Provincial Self-Goverment Regulations, there should arise any serious obstacle in the application of any of the articles contained therein, the Judical Yuan shall first summon the various parties concerned to present their views; and thereupon the Presidents of the Executive Yuan, Legislative Yuan, Judicial Yuan, Examination Yuan and Control Yuan shall form a Committee, with the President of Judicial Yuan as Chairman, to propose a formula for solution. <}0{>第115條 （省自治法發生重大障礙之解決）省自治法施行中，如因其中某條發生重大障礙，經司法院召集有關方面陳述意見後，由行政院院長、立法院院長、司法院院長、考試院院長與監察院院長組織委員會，以司法院院長為主席，提出方案解決之。<0}
{0>Article 116 Provincial rules and regulations that are in conflict with national laws shall be null and void. <}0{>第116條 （省法規與國家法律之關係）省法規與國家法律牴觸者無效。<0}
{0>Article 117 When doubt arises as to whether or not there is a conflict between provincial rules or regulations and national laws, interpretation thereon shall be made by the Judicial Yuan. <}0{>第117條 （省法規牴觸法律之解釋）省法規與國家法律有無牴觸發生疑義時，由司法院解釋之。<0}
{0>Article 118 The self-government of municipalities under the direct jurisdiction of the Executive Yuan shall be prescribed by law. <}0{>第118條 （直轄市之自治制度）直轄市之自治，以法律定之。<0}
{0>Article 119 The local self-government of Mongolian Leagues and Banners shall be prescribed by law. <}0{>第119條 （蒙古盟旗之自治）蒙古各盟旗地方自治制度，以法律定之。<0}
{0>Article 120 The self-government system of Tibet shall be safeguarded. <}0{>第120條 （西藏自治之保障）西藏自治制度，應予以保障。<0}
{0> Section 2. The Hsien<}0{>第二節縣<0}
{0>Article 121 The hsien shall enforce hsien self-government. <}0{>第121條 （縣自治）縣實行縣自治。<0}
{0>Article 122 A hsien may convoke a hsien assembly to enact,in accordance with the General Principles of Provincial and Hsien Self-Government, hsien self-government regulations, provide the said regulations are not in conflict with the Constitution or with provincial self-government regulations. <}0{>第122條 （縣民代表大會之召集與縣自治法之制定）縣得召集縣民代表大會，依據省縣自治通則，制定縣自治法，但不得與憲法及省自治法牴觸。<0}
{0>Article 123 The people of the hsien shall, in accordance with law, exercise the rights of initiative and referendum in matters within the sphere of hsien self-government and shall, in accordance with law, exercise the rights of election and recall of the magistrate and other hsien self-government officials. <}0{>第123條 （縣民之參政權）縣民關於縣自治事項，依法律行使創制、複決之權，對於縣長及其他縣自治人員，依法律行使選舉、罷免之權。<0}
{0>Article 124 In the hsien, there shall be a hsien council. Members of the hsien council shall be elected by the people of the hsien.<}0{>第124條 （縣議會組成及職權）縣設縣議會，縣議會議員由縣民選舉之。<0}
{0>The legislative power of the hsien shall be exercised by the hsien council. <}0{>屬於縣之立法權，由縣議會行之。<0}
{0>Article 125 Hsien rules and regulations that are in conflict with national laws, or with provincial rules and regulations, shall be null and void. <}0{>第125條 （縣規章與法律或省法規之關係）縣單行規章，與國家法律或省法規牴觸者無效。<0}
{0>Article 126 In the hsien, there shall be a hsien government with hsien magistrate who shall be elected by the people of the hsin. <}0{>第126條 （縣長之選舉）縣設縣政府，置縣長一人。縣長由縣民選舉之。<0}
{0>Article 127 The hsien magistrate shall have charge of hsien self-government and shall administer matters delegated to hsien by the central or provincial government. <}0{>第127條 （縣長之職權）縣長辦理縣自治，並執行中央及省委辦事項。<0}
{0>Article 128 The provisions governing the hsien shall apply mutatis mutandis to the municipality. <}0{>第128條 （市自治）市準用縣之規定。<0}
{0> Chapter XII. Election, Recall, Initiative, and Referendum<}0{>第一二章選舉、罷免、創制、複決<0}
{0>Article 129 The various kinds of elections prescribed in this Constitution, except as otherwise provided by this Constitution, shall be by universal, equal, and direct suffrage and by secret ballot. <}0{>第129條 （選舉之方法）本憲法所規定之各種選舉，除本憲法別有規定外，以普通、平等、直接及無記名投票之方法行之。<0}
{0>Article 130 Any citizen of the Republic of China who has attained the age of 20 years shall have the right of election in accordance with law. Except as otherwise provided by this Constitution or by law, any citizen who has attained the age of 23 years shall have the right of being elected in accordance with law. <}0{>第130條 （行使選舉權之年齡）中華民國國民年滿二十歲者，有依法選舉之權，除本憲法及法律別有規定者外，年滿二十三歲者，有依法被選舉之權。<0}
{0>Article 131 All candidates in the various kinds of election prescribed in this Constitution shall openly campaign for their election. <}0{>第131條 （競選公開原則）本憲法所規定各種選舉之候選人，一律公開競選。<0}
{0>Article 132 Intimidation or inducements shall be strictly forbidden in elections. Suits arising in connection with elections shall be tried by courts. <}0{>第132條 （選舉公正之維護）選舉應嚴禁威脅利誘。選舉訴訟，由法院審判之。<0}
{0>Article 133 A person elected may, in accordance with law, be recalled by his constituency. <}0{>第133條 （罷免權）被選舉人得由原選舉區依法罷免之。<0}
{0>Article 134 In the various kinds of election, quotas of successful candidates shall be assigned to women; methods of implementation shall be prescribed by law. <}0{>第134條 （婦女名額保障）各種選舉，應規定婦女當選名額，其辦法以法律定之。<0}
{0>Article 135 The number of delegates to the National Assembly and the manner of their election from people in interior areas, who have their own conditions of living and habits, shall be prescribed by law. <}0{>第135條 （內地生活習慣特殊國代之選舉）內地生活習慣特殊之國民代表名額及選舉，其辦法以法律定之。<0}
{0>Article 136 The exercise of the rights of initiative and referendum shall be prescribed by law. <}0{>第136條 （創制複決權之行使）創制複決兩權之行使，以法律定之。<0}
{0> Chapter XIII. Fundamental National Policies<}0{>第一三章基本國策<0}
{0> Section 1. National Defense<}0{>第一節國防<0}
{0>Article 137 The national defense of the Republic of China shall have as its objective the safeguarding of national security and the preservation of world peace.<}0{>第137條 （國防目的及組織）中華民國之國防，以保衛國家安全，維護世界和平為目的。<0}
{0>The organization of national defense shall be prescribed by law. <}0{>國防之組織，以法律定之。<0}
{0>Article 138 The land, sea, and air forces of the whole country shall be above personal, regional, and party affiliations, shall be loyal to the state and shall protect the people. <}0{>第138條 （軍隊國家化(一)軍人超然）全國陸海空軍，須超出個人、地域及黨派關係以外，效忠國家，愛護人民。<0}
{0>Article 139 No political party and no individual shall make use of armed forces as an instrument in the struggle for political powers. <}0{>第139條 （軍隊國家化(二)軍隊不干政）任何黨派及個人不得以武裝力量為政爭之工具。<0}
{0>Article 140 No military man in active service may concurrently hold a civil office. <}0{>第140條 （軍人兼任文官之禁止）現役軍人不得兼任文官。<0}
{0> Section 2. Foreign Policy<}0{>第二節外交<0}
{0>Article 141 The foreign policy of the Republic of China shall, in a spirit of independence and initiative and on the basis of the principles of equality and reciprocity, cultivate good-neighborliness with other nations, and respect treaties and the interests of Chinese citizens residing abroad, promote international cooperation, advance international justice and ensure world peace. <}0{>第141條 （外交宗旨）中華民國之外交，應本獨立自主之精神，平等互惠之原則，敦睦邦交，尊重條約及聯合國憲章，以保護僑民權益，促進國際合作，提倡國際正義，確保世界和平。<0}
{0> Section 3. National Economy<}0{>第三節國民經濟<0}
{0>Article 142 National economy shall be based on the Principle of People´s Livelihood and shall seek to effect equalization of land ownership and restriction of private capital in order to attain a well-balanced sufficiency in national wealth and people´s livelihood. <}0{>第142條 （國民經濟基本原則）國民經濟應以民生主義為基本原則，實施平均地權，節制資本，以謀國計民生之均足。<0}
{0>Article 143 All land within the territory of the Republic of China shall belong to the whole body of citizens. <}0{>第143條 （土地政策）中華民國領土內之土地屬於國民全體。<0}
{0>Private ownership of land, acquired by the people in accordance with law, shall be protected and restricted by law. <}0{>人民依法取得之土地所有權，應受法律之保障與限制。<0}
{0>Privately-owned land shall be liable to taxation according to its value, and the Government may buy such land according to its value.<}0{>私有土地應照價納稅，政府並得照價收買。<0}
{0>Mineral deposits which are embedded in the land, and natural power which may, for economic purpose, be utilized for public benefit shall belong to the State, regardless of the fact that private individuals many have acquired ownership over such land.<}0{>附著於土地之礦，及經濟上可供公眾利用之天然力，屬於國家所有，不因人民取得土地所有權而受影響。<0}
{0>If the value of a picec of land has increased, not through the exertion of labor or the employment of capital, the State shall levy thereon an increment tax, the proceeds of which shall be enjoyed by the people in common.<}0{>土地價值非因施以勞力資本而增加者，應由國家徵收土地增值稅，歸人民共享之。<0}
{0>In the distribution and readjustment of land, the State shall in principle assist self-farming land-owners and persons who make use of the land by themselves, and shall also regulate their appropriate areas of operation. <}0{>國家對於土地之分配與整理，應以扶植自耕農及自行使用土地人為原則，並規定其適當經營之面積。<0}
{0>Article 144 Public utilities and other enterprises of a monopolistic nature shall, in principle, be under public operation. In cases permitted by law, they may be operated by private citizens. <}0{>第144條 （獨佔性企業公營原則）公用事業及其他有獨佔性之企業，以公營為原則，其經法律許可者，得由國民經營之。<0}
{0>Article 145 With respect to private wealth and privately operated enterprises, the State shall restrict them by law if they are deemed detrimental to a balanced development of national wealth and people´s livelihood.<}0{>第145條 （私人資本之節制與扶助）國家對於私人財富及私營事業，認為有妨害國計民生之平衡發展者，應以法律限制之。<0}
{0>Cooperative enterprises shall receive encouragement and assistance from the State.<}0{>合作事業應受國家之獎勵與扶助。<0}
{0>Private citizens´ productive enterprises and foreign trade shall receive encouragement, guidance and protection from the State. <}0{>國民生產事業及對外貿易，應受國家之獎勵、指導及保護。<0}
{0>Article 146 The State shall, by the use of scientific techniques, develop water conservancy, increase the productivity of land, improve agricultural conditions, develop agricultural resources and hasten the industrialization of agriculture. <}0{>第146條 （發展農業）國家應運用科學技術，以興修水利，增進地力，改善農業環境，規劃土地利用，開發農業資源，促成農業之工業化。<0}
{0>Article 147 The Central Government, in order to attain a balanced economic development among the provinces, shall give appropriate aid to poor or unproductive provinces.<}0{>第147條 （地方經濟之平衡發展）中央為謀省與省間之經濟平衡發展，對於貧瘠之省，應酌予補助。<0}
{0>The provinces, in order to attain a balanced economic development among the hsien, shall give appropriate aid to poor or unproductive hsien. <}0{>省為謀縣與縣間之經濟平衡發展，對於貧瘠之縣，應酌予補助。<0}
{0>Article 148 Within the territory of the Republic of China, all goods shall be permitted to move freely from place to place. <}0{>第148條 （貨暢其流）中華民國領域內，一切貨物應許自由流通。<0}
{0>Article 149 Financial institutions shall, in accordance with law, be subject to State control. <}0{>第149條 （金融機構之管理）金融機構，應依法受國家之管理。<0}
{0>Article 150 The State shall extensively establish financial institutions for the common people, with a view to relieving unemployment. <}0{>第150條 （普設平民金融機構）國家應普設平民金融機構，以救濟失業。<0}
{0>Article 151 With respect to Chinese citizens residing abroad, the State shall foster and protect development of their economic enterprises. <}0{>第151條 （發展僑民經濟事業）國家對於僑居國外之國民，應扶助並保護其經濟事業之發展。<0}
{0> Section 4. Social Security<}0{>第四節社會安全<0}
{0>Article 152 The State shall provide suitable opportunities for work to people who are able to work. <}0{>第152條 （人盡其才）人民具有工作能力者，國家應予以適當之工作機會。<0}
{0>Article 153 The State, in order to improve the livelihood of laborers and farmers and to improve their productive skills, shall enact laws and carry out policies for their protection.<}0{>第153條 （勞工及農民之保護）國家為改良勞工及農民之生活，增進其生產技能，應制定保護勞工及農民之法律，實施保護勞工及農民之政策。<0}
{0>Women and children engaged in labor shall, according to their age and physical condition, be accorded special protection. <}0{>婦女兒童從事勞動者，應按其年齡及身體狀態，予以特別之保護。<0}
{0>Article 154 Captial and labor shall, in accordance with the principles of harmony and cooperation, promote productive enterprises. <}0{>第154條 （勞資關係）勞資雙方應本協調合作原則，發展生產事業。<0}
{0>Conciliation and arbitration of disputes between capital and labor shall be prescribed by law. <}0{>勞資糾紛之調解與仲裁，以法律定之。<0}
{0>Article 155 The State, in order to promote social welfare, shall establish a social insurance system. <}0{>第155條 （社會保險與救助之實施）國家為謀社會福利，應實施社會保險制度。<0}
{0>To the aged and the infirm who are unable to earn a living, and to victims of unusual calamities, the State shall give appropriate assistance and relief. <}0{>人民之老弱殘廢，無力生活，及受非常災害者，國家應予以適當之扶助與救濟。<0}
{0>Article 156 The State, in order to consolidate the foundation of national existence and development, shall protect motherhood and carry out a policy for the promoting of the welfare of women and children. <}0{>第156條 （婦幼褔利政策之實施）國家為奠定民族生存發展之基礎，應保護母性，並實施婦女兒童福利政策。<0}
{0>Article 157 The State, in order to improve national health, shall establish extensive services for sanitation and health protection, and a system of public medical service. <}0{>第157條 （衛生保健事業之推行）國家為增進民族健康，應普遍推行衛生保健事業及公醫制度。<0}
{0> Section 5. Education and Culture<}0{>第五節教育文化<0}
{0>Article 158 Education and culture shall aim at the development among the citizens of the national spirit, the spirit of self-government, national morality, good physique, scientific knowledge and ability to earn a living. <}0{>第158條 （教育文化之目標）教育文化，應發展國民之民族精神、自治精神、國民道德、健全體格、科學及生活智能。<0}
{0>Article 159 All citizens shall have an equal opportunity to receive an education. <}0{>第159條 （教育機會平等原則）國民受教育之機會，一律平等。<0}
{0>Article 160 All children of school age from 6 to 12 years shall receive free primary education. <}0{>第160條 （基本教育與補習教育）六歲至十二歲之學齡兒童，一律受基本教育，免納學費。<0}
{0>Those from poor families shall be supplied with book by the Government.<}0{>其貧苦者，由政府供給書籍。<0}
{0>All citizens above school age who have not received primary education shall receive supplementary education free of charge and shall also be supplied with books by the Government. <}0{>已逾學齡未受基本教育之國民，一律受補習教育，免納學費，其書籍亦由政府供給。<0}
{0>Article 161 The national, provincial, and local government shall extensively establish scholarships to assist students of good scholastic standing and exemplary conduct who lack the means to continue their school education. <}0{>第161條 （獎學金之設置）各級政府應廣設獎學金名額，以扶助學行俱優無力升學之學生。<0}
{0>Article 162 All public and private educational and cultural institutions in the country shall, in accordance with law, be subject to State supervision. <}0{>第162條 （教育文化機關之監督）全國公私立之教育文化機關，依法律受國家之監督。<0}
{0>Article 163 The State shall pay due attention to the balanced development of education in different regions, and shall promote social education in order to raise the cultural standards of the citizens in general. Grants from the National Treasury shall be made to frontier regions and economically poor areas to help them meet their education and cultural expanse. <}0{>第163條 （教育文化事業之推動）國家應注重各地區教育之均衡發展，並推行社會教育，以提高一般國民之文化水準，邊遠及貧瘠地區之教育文化經費，由國庫補助之。<0}
{0>The Central Government may either itself undertake the more important educational and cultural enterprises in such regions or give them financial assistance. <}0{>其重要之教育文化事業，得由中央辦理或補助之。<0}
{0>Article 164 Expenditures of educational programs, scientific studies and cultural service shall not be, in respect of the Central Government, not less than 15 per cent of the total national budget; in respect of each province, not less than 25 percent of the total provincial budget; and in respect of each municipality or hsien, less than 35 percent of the total municipal or hsien budget. Educational and cultural foundations established in accordance with law shall, together with their property, be protected. <}0{>第164條 （教育文化經費之比例與專款之保障）教育、科學、文化之經費，在中央不得少於其預算總額百分之十五，在省不得少於其預算總額百分之二十五，在市縣不得少於其預算總額百分之三十五，其依法設置之教育文化基金及產業，應予以保障。<0}
{0>Article 165 The State shall safeguard the livelihood of those who work in the field of education, sciences and arts, and shall, in accordance with the development of national economy, increase their remuneration from time to time. <}0{>第165條 （教育文化工作者之保障）國家應保障教育、科學、藝術工作者之生活，並依國民經濟之進展，隨時提高其待遇。<0}
{0>Article 166 The State shall encourage scientific discoveries and inventions, and shall protect ancient sites and articles of historical, cultural or artistic value. <}0{>第166條 （科學發明與創造之獎勵及古蹟古物之保護）國家應獎勵科學之發明與創造，並保護有關歷史、文化、藝術之古蹟、古物。<0}
{0>Article 167 The State shall give encouragement or subsidies to the following enterprises or individuals:<}0{>第167條 （教育文化事業之獎助）國家對於左列事業或個人，予以獎勵或補助：<0}
{0>1.Educational enterprises in the country which have been operated with good record by private individuals;<}0{>一　國內私人經營之教育事業成績優良者。<0}
{0>2.Educational enterprises which have been operated with good record by Chinese citizens residing abroad;<}0{>二　僑居國外國民之教育事業成績優良者。<0}
{0>3.Persons who have made discoveries or inventions in the field of learning and technology; and <}0{>三　於學術或技術有發明者。<0}
{0>4.Persons who have rendered long and meritorious services in the field of education. <}0{>四　從事教育久於其職而成績優良者。<0}
{0> Section 6. Frontier Regions<}0{>第六節邊疆地區<0}
{0>Article 168 The State shall accord to various racial groups in the frontier regions legal protection of their status and shall give special assistance to their local self-government undertakings. <}0{>第168條 （邊彊民族地位之保障）國家對於邊疆地區各民族之地位，應予以合法之保障，並於其地方自治事業，特別予以扶植。<0}
{0>Article 169 The State shall, in a positive manner, undertake and foster the develop of education, culture, communications, water conservancy, public health and other economic and social enterprises of the various racial group in the frontier regions. <}0{>第169條 （邊彊事業之扶助）國家對於邊疆地區各民族之教育、文化、交通、水利、衛生及其他經濟、社會事業，應積極舉辦，並扶助其發展，<0}
{0>With respect to the utilization of land, the State shall, after taking into account the climatic conditions, the nature of the soil, and the life and habits of the people, adopt measures to protect the land and to assist in its development. <}0{>對於土地使用，應依其氣候、土壤性質，及人民生活習慣之所宜，予以保障及發展。<0}
{0> Chapter XIV. Enforcement and Amendment of the Constitution<}0{>第一四章憲法之施行及修改<0}
{0>Article 170 The term "law" as used in this Constitution, shall denote any legislative bill that have been passed by the Legislative Yuan and promulgated by the President of the Republic. <}0{>第170條 （法律之意義）本憲法所稱之法律，謂經立法院通過，總統公布之法律。<0}
{0>Article 171 Laws that are in conflict with the Constitution shall be null and void. <}0{>第171條 （法律之位階性(一)）法律與憲法牴觸者無效。<0}
{0>When doubt arises as to whether or not a law is in conflict with the Constitution, interpretation thereon shall be made by the Judicial Yuan. <}0{>法律與憲法有無牴觸發生疑義時，由司法院解釋之。<0}
{0>Article 172 Ordinance that are in conflict with the Constitution or with laws shall be null and void. <}0{>第172條 （法律之位階性(二)）命令與憲法或法律牴觸者無效。<0}
{0>Article 173 The Constitution shall be interpreted by the Judicial Yuan. <}0{>第173條 （憲法之解釋）憲法之解釋，由司法院為之。<0}
{0>Article 174 Amendments to the Constitution shall be made in accordance with one of the following procedures:<}0{>第174條 （修憲程序）憲法之修改，應依左列程序之一為之：<0}
{0>1.Upon the propsal of one-fifth of the total number of delegates to the National Assembly and by a resolution of three-fourths of the delegates present at a meeting having a quorum of two-thirds of the entire Assembly, the Constitution may be amended.<}0{>一　由國民大會代表總額五分之一之提議，三分之二之出席，及出席代表四分之三之決議，得修改之。<0}
{0>2.Upon the propsal of one-fourth of the members of the Legislative Yuan and by a resolution of three-fourths of the members present at a meeting having a quorum three-fourths of the members of the Yuan, an amendment may be drawn up and submitted to the National Assembly by way of referendum. Such a proposed amendment to the Constitution shall be publicly announced half a year before the National Assembly convenes. <}0{>二　由立法院立法委員四分之一之提議，四分之三之出席，及出席委員四　分之三之決議，擬定憲法修正案，提請國民大會複決。此項憲法修正案，應於國民大會開會前半年公告之。<0}
{0>Article 175 Whenever necessary, enforcement procedures in regard to any matter prescribed in this Constitution shall be separately provided by law.<}0{>第175條 （憲法實施程序與施行程序之制定）本憲法規定事項，有另定實施程序之必要者，以法律定之。<0}
{0>The preparatory procedures for the enforcement of this Constitution shall be decided upon by the same National Assembly which shall have adopted this Constitution.<}0{>本憲法施行之準備程序，由制定憲法之國民大會議定之<0}